Pérez-Romero Nuria, Campos-Jara Christian, Pesce Caterina, Araya Sierralta Sergio, Cerda-Vega Enrique, Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo, Campos-Jara Rodrigo, Martínez-Salazar Cristian, Arellano-Roco Cristián, Hernández-Cifuentes Victoria, Contreras-Osorio Falonn
Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Postgraduate, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile.
Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Apr 16;13(4):123. doi: 10.3390/sports13040123.
Executive functions are often impaired in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Understanding the impact of physical exercise on these cognitive domains is essential for developing effective interventions. The aim of this review is to assess the effect of physical exercise on executive functions in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO, initially from inception through January 2024, followed by an update through January 2025. Studies involved adults diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, employed physical exercise as an intervention, and measured executive functions as outcomes. The selection followed PRISMA guidelines, with inclusion determined by consensus among multiple reviewers. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool and GRADE approach for certainty of evidence. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, with effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated for each outcome. From 1517 records, 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed a small but significant effect of physical exercise on working memory (ES = 0.300, 95% CI = 0.060-0.539, = 0.014; = 0.0%, = 2.2, = 0.951) and a non-significant effect on emotion recognition (ES = 0.51, 95% CI = -0.291-1.303, = 0.213; = 83%), inhibition (ES = 0.156, 95% CI = -0.173 to 0.484, = 0.353; = 0.0%, = 1.1, = 0.781), and cognitive flexibility (ES = 0.240, 95% CI = -0.270 to 0.749, 95% PI = -1.706 to 2.185; = 0.356; = 53.2%, = 3.0, = 0.094). Physical exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, appears to have a small beneficial effect on working memory in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, the evidence for its effect on emotion recognition is less clear and may be influenced by the type of exercise, such as yoga. Further research is needed to provide more robust conclusions. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023392295.
执行功能在精神分裂症谱系障碍患者中常常受损。了解体育锻炼对这些认知领域的影响对于制定有效的干预措施至关重要。本综述的目的是评估体育锻炼对被诊断为精神分裂症谱系障碍的成年人执行功能的影响。我们在科学网、PubMed、Scopus和EBSCO中进行了系统检索，最初从创刊至2024年1月，随后更新至2025年1月。研究涉及被诊断为精神分裂症谱系障碍的成年人，采用体育锻炼作为干预措施，并将执行功能作为结果进行测量。选择过程遵循PRISMA指南，纳入标准由多位评审员协商确定。两位评审员使用Cochrane RoB 2工具和GRADE方法独立进行数据提取和偏倚风险评估以确定证据的确定性。使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，计算每个结果的效应大小（ES）和95%置信区间（CI）。从1517条记录中，9项研究被纳入荟萃分析。分析显示体育锻炼对工作记忆有小但显著的影响（ES = 0.300，95% CI = 0.060 - 0.539，p = 0.014；I² = 0.0%，tau² = 2.2，G = 0.951），对情绪识别无显著影响（ES = 0.51，95% CI = -0.291 - 1.303，p = 0.213；I² = 83%），对抑制功能无显著影响（ES = 0.156，95% CI = -0.173至0.484，p = 0.353；I² = 0.0%，tau² = 1.1，G = 0.781），对认知灵活性无显著影响（ES = 0.240，95% CI = -0.270至0.749，95% PI = -1.706至2.185；p = 0.356；I² = 53.2%，tau² = 3.0，G = 0.094）。体育锻炼，尤其是有氧运动，似乎对精神分裂症谱系障碍患者的工作记忆有小的有益影响。然而，其对情绪识别影响的证据不太明确，可能受运动类型如瑜伽的影响。需要进一步研究以得出更可靠的结论。PROSPERO注册号：CRD42023392295。
