Deste Giacomo, Corbo Daniele, Nibbio Gabriele, Italia Mauro, Dell'Ovo Dario, Calzavara-Pinton Irene, Lisoni Jacopo, Barlati Stefano, Gasparotti Roberto, Vita Antonio
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2023 Feb 14;13(2):320. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13020320.
Physical exercise and cognitive remediation represent the psychosocial interventions with the largest basis of evidence attesting their effectiveness in improving cognitive performance in people living with schizophrenia according to recent international guidance. The aims of this review are to provide an overview of the literature on physical exercise as a treatment for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and of the studies that have combined physical exercise and cognitive remediation as an integrated rehabilitation intervention. Nine meta-analyses and systematic reviews on physical exercise alone and seven studies on interventions combining physical exercise and cognitive remediation are discussed. The efficacy of physical exercise in improving cognitive performance in people living with schizophrenia is well documented, but more research focused on identifying moderators of participants response and optimal modalities of delivery is required. Studies investigating the effectiveness of integrated interventions report that combining physical exercise and cognitive remediation provides superior benefits and quicker improvements compared to cognitive remediation alone, but most studies included small samples and did not explore long-term effects. While physical exercise and its combination with cognitive remediation appear to represent effective treatments for cognitive impairment in people living with schizophrenia, more evidence is currently needed to better understand how to implement these treatments in psychiatric rehabilitation practice.
根据最近的国际指南，体育锻炼和认知康复是最有证据基础的心理社会干预措施，证明它们在改善精神分裂症患者的认知表现方面是有效的。本综述的目的是概述关于体育锻炼作为精神分裂症认知障碍治疗方法的文献，以及将体育锻炼和认知康复作为综合康复干预措施的研究。讨论了九项关于单独体育锻炼的荟萃分析和系统评价，以及七项关于体育锻炼与认知康复相结合干预措施的研究。体育锻炼对改善精神分裂症患者认知表现的疗效已有充分记录，但需要更多研究专注于确定参与者反应的调节因素和最佳实施方式。调查综合干预措施有效性的研究报告称，与单独的认知康复相比，体育锻炼与认知康复相结合能带来更大益处且改善更快，但大多数研究样本量较小，且未探讨长期效果。虽然体育锻炼及其与认知康复的结合似乎是治疗精神分裂症患者认知障碍的有效方法，但目前还需要更多证据来更好地了解如何在精神科康复实践中实施这些治疗方法。
