Adriaens Nikki, Bouwman Fenna M, Bruisten Sylvia M, Vergunst Clarissa E, van Dam Alje P, Doelman Tessa A, Westerhuis Brenda M
Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
J Med Microbiol. 2025 Apr;74(4). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001999.
is a sexually transmitted bacterium associated with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men. The rising macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in has become a public health concern, requiring close surveillance. typing is commonly used to study genotype distribution and resistance patterns of in men who have sex with men (MSM); however, data for men who have sex with women (MSW) are limited. The aim of this study was to explore the epidemiology of based on / molecular typing in isolates from men diagnosed with NGU, comparing MSM and MSW. Additionally, antibiotic resistance was evaluated to assess associations between the genotypes, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and epidemiological determinants. A subset of previously collected isolates from men diagnosed with NGU in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, between May 2018 and November 2019 was analysed. Molecular typing was performed by sequencing relevant regions of the and loci. Macrolide resistance was assessed by detecting mutations in the 23S rRNA gene via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while fluoroquinolone resistance was determined through sequencing and . A total of 62 . samples were analysed from 33 MSM and 29 MSW. The overall macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance was 75.8% and 24.2 %, respectively. At the locus, 24 sequence types (STs) were identified, with ST4 most prevalent in MSM and ST2 in MSW. The locus revealed 12 distinct short tandem repeat numbers, with repeat 10 being most common in both groups. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences revealed two clusters: cluster A included significantly more MSW, whereas cluster B predominantly comprised MSM (<0.001). Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance was significantly higher in cluster B compared with cluster A (<0.01 and <0.05, respectively). Molecular typing of revealed two clusters that differed by sexual preference and antibiotic resistance, highlighting the importance of surveillance of resistance across genotypes. The findings suggest multiclonal spread of resistance through independent mutations. Future studies using next-generation sequencing are needed to further explore the links between sexual transmission and genetic diversity in .
是一种与男性非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）相关的性传播细菌。其对大环内酯类和氟喹诺酮类药物耐药性的不断上升已成为一个公共卫生问题，需要密切监测。分型常用于研究男男性行为者（MSM）中该细菌的基因型分布和耐药模式；然而，关于异性性行为男性（MSW）的数据有限。本研究的目的是基于从诊断为NGU的男性分离株中进行的分型/分子分型来探索该细菌的流行病学，比较MSM和MSW。此外，评估抗生素耐药性以评估该细菌基因型、抗菌药物耐药谱和流行病学决定因素之间的关联。对2018年5月至2019年11月期间在荷兰阿姆斯特丹从诊断为NGU的男性中先前收集的该细菌分离株的一个子集进行了分析。通过对该细菌和相关位点的相关区域进行测序来进行分子分型。通过定量聚合酶链反应检测23S rRNA基因中的突变来评估大环内酯类耐药性，而通过对和进行测序来确定氟喹诺酮类耐药性。共分析了来自33名MSM和29名MSW的62个该细菌样本。总体大环内酯类和氟喹诺酮类耐药率分别为75.8%和24.2%。在位点，鉴定出24种序列类型（STs），其中ST4在MSM中最常见，ST2在MSW中最常见。位点揭示了12个不同的短串联重复数，重复10在两组中最为常见。基于该细菌序列的系统发育分析揭示了两个簇：簇A中MSW明显更多，而簇B主要由MSM组成（<0.001）。与簇A相比，簇B中的大环内酯类和氟喹诺酮类耐药性明显更高（分别为<0.01和<0.05）。该细菌的分子分型揭示了两个因性偏好和抗生素耐药性而不同的簇，突出了跨基因型监测耐药性的重要性。研究结果表明耐药性通过独立突变进行多克隆传播。需要使用下一代测序的未来研究来进一步探索该细菌的性传播与遗传多样性之间的联系。
