[纯母乳喂养儿童的儿童发育]

[Child development in children with exclusive breastfeeding].

作者信息

Domínguez-Delgado Néstor Isaí, Lezama-González Jacqueline, Sánchez-Cabrera Elisa, Méndez-Martínez Socorro, Sánchez-Pérez Carolina, Bello-Guerrero Israel, Retama-Xochicale José Víctor

机构信息

Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 2, Área de Medicina Familiar. Puebla, Puebla, México.

Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla. Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada Estatal Puebla, Área de investigacion en Salud. Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.

出版信息

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2025 Mar 3;63(2):e6598. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14617105.

DOI:10.5281/zenodo.14617105

PMID:40279294

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12048167/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for child development, offering cognitive, motor and emotional benefits.

OBJECTIVE

To determine child development in children with exclusive breastfeeding.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted on children aged 1 to 24 months, with and without exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Development was assessed at three time points (baseline, three months, and six months) using the Infant Development Assessment Test, which measures gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language, and social aspects. Child-related variables (age, sex, and gestational age) and maternal variables (age, socioeconomic status, and education level) were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS v24.

RESULTS

In a sample of 359 children, with a median age of 9 months (1-24), 52.4% were girls, with a median gestational age of 39 weeks (37-42). The median maternal age was 24 years (16-38), with a predominance of middle-high socioeconomic status (70.8) and secondary or higher education (55.4%). 52.9% of children received EBF. Initially, 83.1% of children with EBF obtained a green score in development, increasing to 97.8% at three months and 99.4% at six months. In contrast, in children without EBF, only 28.9% obtained a green score initially, increasing to 34.9% at three months and 48.5% at six months (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Children with EBF showed superior development compared to those without EBF, underlining the importance of breastfeeding in psychomotor, cognitive and social development.

摘要

背景

纯母乳喂养对儿童发育至关重要，具有认知、运动和情感等方面的益处。

目的

确定纯母乳喂养儿童的发育情况。

材料与方法

对1至24个月的儿童进行了一项纵向回顾性研究，这些儿童有或没有纯母乳喂养。在三个时间点（基线、三个月和六个月）使用婴儿发育评估测试对发育情况进行评估，该测试测量大运动技能、精细运动技能、语言和社交方面。使用SPSS v24软件，通过描述性和推断性统计分析与儿童相关的变量（年龄、性别和胎龄）以及母亲变量（年龄、社会经济地位和教育水平）。

结果

在359名儿童的样本中，中位年龄为9个月（1 - 24个月），52.4%为女孩，中位胎龄为39周（37 - 42周）。母亲的中位年龄为24岁（16 - 38岁），中高社会经济地位占主导（70.8%），接受过中等或高等教育的占55.4%。52.9%的儿童接受纯母乳喂养。最初，52.9%接受纯母乳喂养的儿童在发育评估中获得绿色评分，三个月时增至97.8%，六个月时增至99.4%。相比之下，未进行纯母乳喂养的儿童中，最初只有28.9%获得绿色评分，三个月时增至34.9%，六个月时增至48.5%（p < 0.001）。