Striato-cortical connectivity patterns predict clinical profiles in Huntington's disease.

BACKGROUND

Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder affecting striato-cortical circuits, with significant heterogeneity in the severity and progression of symptoms and neurodegenerative patterns.

OBJECTIVES

To identify how distinct functional striato-cortical connectivity signatures may predict clinical profiles in Huntington's disease.

METHODS

Thirty-eight Huntington's disease gene expansion carriers underwent cross-sectional motor, cognitive, and behavioral assessments and multimodal MRI. Principal component analysis was employed to characterize Huntington's disease clinical profiles. Next, seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity maps were derived for three basal ganglia seeds (caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens) to delineate cortico-striatal connections. Multiple linear regressions assessed relationships between resulting clinical profiles and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity maps. Finally, basal ganglia gray matter volumes were examined in relation to clinical profiles and connectivity.

RESULTS

Principal component analysis identified two main clinical profiles in Huntington's disease: motor-cognitive and behavioral. Multiple linear regression models revealed distinct functional neural signatures associated with each profile. Motor-cognitive symptoms related with a divergent connectivity pattern, specifically decreased connectivity between the caudate and putamen with executive and premotor areas, in contrast to increased connectivity between the ventral nucleus accumbens and executive network regions. Meanwhile, the behavioral profile was linked to decreased connectivity in limbic networks. Basal ganglia atrophy was associated with increased nucleus accumbens-cortical connectivity as well as motor-cognitive symptom severity.

CONCLUSIONS

Distinct Huntington's disease clinical profiles can be characterized by predominantly motor-cognitive or behavioral disturbances, each related with unique functional and structural brain signatures. This substantiates that striato-cortical circuits exhibit functional interaction and potential reorganization.