D'Alleva Mattia, Nicolò Andrea, Bot Francesco, Rebellato Martina, Voltolina Samuele, Giovanelli Nicola, De Martino Maria, Isola Miriam, Mari Lara, Rejc Enrico, Zaccaron Simone, Stafuzza Jacopo, Sacchetti Massimo, Lazzer Stefano
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2025 Apr 25;20(6):823-833. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0453. Print 2025 Jun 1.
This study investigated the relationship between training-load (TL) metrics and the acute performance decrement (APD) measured immediately after 4 training sessions performed by well-trained runners.
On a treadmill, 12 well-trained runners (10 men and 2 women) performed an incremental test, a baseline time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test at maximal aerobic speed, and 4 randomized training sessions followed by a TTE test to measure APD. The training sessions were matched for external load (60 arbitrary units) but differed in the time spent in the 3 intensity domains. The TL metrics used were based on training impulse, heart-rate variability, ratings of perceived exertion, and the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) rating scale.
TTE was significantly shorter after all the training sessions compared with baseline (P < .001). While APD was higher (+16%, P = .035) for long-duration high-intensity training (HITlong) compared with low-intensity training (LIT), most TL metrics showed higher values (P < .001) in LIT than in HITlong. Conversely, NASA-TLX values were higher (P < .001) in HITlong than in LIT and were significantly associated with APD values (P < .001, β = 0.54). Physiological parameters showed that less time was spent above 90% of V˙O2max during LIT compared with the other training sessions (P < .01), while average respiratory frequency and mean respiratory exchange ratio were higher during HITlong compared to LIT (P < .01).
APD was observed after the 4 running training sessions, and it was not associated with most of the TL metrics. Only NASA-TLX was associated with APD, suggesting that this TL metric could be leveraged for training monitoring.
本研究调查了训练有素的跑步者在进行4次训练后立即测量的训练负荷（TL）指标与急性运动表现下降（APD）之间的关系。
在跑步机上，12名训练有素的跑步者（10名男性和2名女性）进行了递增测试、最大有氧速度下的基线疲劳时间（TTE）测试，以及4次随机训练，随后进行TTE测试以测量APD。训练课程的外部负荷匹配（60个任意单位），但在3个强度域所花费的时间不同。所使用的TL指标基于训练冲动、心率变异性、主观用力程度评分和美国国家航空航天局任务负荷指数（NASA-TLX）评分量表。
与基线相比，所有训练课程后的TTE均显著缩短（P <.001）。虽然与低强度训练（LIT）相比，长时间高强度训练（HITlong）的APD更高（+16%，P =.035），但大多数TL指标在LIT中的值高于HITlong（P <.001）。相反，HITlong中的NASA-TLX值高于LIT（P <.001），并且与APD值显著相关（P <.001，β = 0.54）。生理参数表明，与其他训练课程相比，LIT期间高于最大摄氧量90%的时间更少（P <.01），而HITlong期间的平均呼吸频率和平均呼吸交换率高于LIT（P <.01）。
在4次跑步训练后观察到了APD，并且它与大多数TL指标无关。只有NASA-TLX与APD相关联，这表明该TL指标可用于训练监测。
