Gartler S M
Am J Pathol. 1977 Mar;86(3):685-92.
Three types of cell mosaics have been used in mammalian studies: hemopoietic shimeras, mosaics formed by aggregation of preimplatation embryos, and mosaics resulting from X-chromosome inactivation. The problems investigated with these cell mosaics have included normal tissue orgaization, cell selection, primordial cell pool sizes, and tumor cell kinetics. The emphasis in this review is on the application of X-chromosome inactivation mosaics to the analysis of tumor cell proliferation. The first application of mosaicism to tumor ontogeny involved leiomyomas and demonstrated single cell and independent origin of the tumors. Other tumor studies are reviewed including those of presumed multiple cell origin, especially those of hereditary origin and viral etiology. The concept of target size is invoked to explain these multiple cell origin tumors. The recent reports on the clonal nature of atherosclerotic plaques is also discussed. Emphasis is placed on resolving the relationship between the multiclonal underlying fatty streak and the clonal plaque in order to understand the implications of the clonal plaques.
造血嵌合体、由植入前胚胎聚集形成的嵌合体以及由X染色体失活产生的嵌合体。利用这些细胞嵌合体研究的问题包括正常组织组织、细胞选择、原始细胞池大小和肿瘤细胞动力学。本综述的重点是X染色体失活嵌合体在肿瘤细胞增殖分析中的应用。嵌合体在肿瘤发生学上的首次应用涉及平滑肌瘤，并证明了肿瘤的单细胞和独立起源。还综述了其他肿瘤研究，包括那些假定多细胞起源的研究，尤其是那些遗传起源和病毒病因的研究。引入靶大小的概念来解释这些多细胞起源的肿瘤。还讨论了关于动脉粥样硬化斑块克隆性质的最新报道。重点在于解决潜在的多克隆脂肪条纹与克隆斑块之间的关系，以便理解克隆斑块的意义。
