Wang Zhengwei, Zhang Lirong, Wei Jie, Hao Huimin, Hamid Syeda Maira, Gao Shixin, Li Wenjun, Nie Zhulan
College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Apr 10;15(8):1095. doi: 10.3390/ani15081095.
Fish are vital for material cycling and energy flow in aquatic ecosystems. The genus , with over 100 known species, is significant in the Central Asian highlands' freshwater ecosystems. and , as representatives, occupy distinct ecological niches and face challenges from climate change and human activities. There is a lack of research on fishes' digestive systems, especially comparative studies, so this research aims to fill this gap. In September 2024, 40 samples of were collected from Sayram Lake and 40 samples of were collected from the Muzat River in Xinjiang. After acclimation, morphological observations (measuring fish and digestive tract parameters) and histological analyses (paraffin sectioning, HE staining, and microscopy) were carried out. The data were sorted in Excel and analyzed with an independent samples -test in SPSS 27.0. Morphologically, has an obtuse snout, terminal mouth, specific upper lip papillae, and an S-shaped intestine about (1.45 ± 0.11) times its body length, while has an arc-shaped subterminal mouth, fringed papillae, and a spiral-shaped intestine around (0.82 ± 0.09) times its body length. Both possess a digestive tract, glands, and a hepatopancreas attached to the mesentery. Histologically, a large number of club cells were found in the oropharyngeal cavities of both species; their secretions have an adhesive effect on food, aiding food selection. Their digestive systems vary in structure and cell composition: the oropharyngeal cavity has three layers; the esophagus has four layers with more goblet cells in ; the stomach has three regions without goblet cells and a thicker muscular layer in ; the intestinal wall has four layers with different villi and goblet cell distributions; the hepatopancreas has lobules; and has a typical portal area. In conclusion, this study systematically compared the gastrointestinal systems of and for the first time, revealing significant structural differences related to their niches and feeding patterns as adaptations to specific environments. It fills the research gap, provides a basis for exploring fish ecological adaptation and environmental impacts on digestion, offers new ideas for protection strategies, and guides fish evolutionary biology research and resource protection and utilization.
鱼类对于水生生态系统中的物质循环和能量流动至关重要。该属已知有100多个物种，在中亚高地的淡水生态系统中具有重要意义。作为代表的[两种鱼的名称]占据着不同的生态位，并面临着气候变化和人类活动带来的挑战。目前对[两种鱼的名称]鱼类消化系统的研究较少，尤其是比较研究，因此本研究旨在填补这一空白。2024年9月，从赛里木湖采集了40份[一种鱼的名称]样本，从新疆的木扎提河采集了40份[另一种鱼的名称]样本。驯化后，进行了形态学观察（测量鱼体和消化道参数）和组织学分析（石蜡切片、苏木精-伊红染色和显微镜检查）。数据在Excel中进行整理，并在SPSS 27.0中使用独立样本t检验进行分析。在形态上，[一种鱼的名称]吻钝，口端位，有特定的上唇乳突，肠道呈S形，约为体长的(1.45±0.11)倍，而[另一种鱼的名称]口亚端位呈弧形，有流苏状乳突，肠道呈螺旋形，约为体长的(0.82±0.09)倍。两者都有消化道、腺体和附着在肠系膜上的肝胰脏。在组织学上，两种鱼的口咽腔中都发现了大量的棒状细胞；它们的分泌物对食物有黏附作用，有助于食物选择。它们的消化系统在结构和细胞组成上有所不同：口咽腔有三层；食管有四层，[一种鱼的名称]中杯状细胞较多；胃有三个区域，没有杯状细胞，[另一种鱼的名称]中肌肉层较厚；肠壁有四层，绒毛和杯状细胞分布不同；肝胰脏有小叶；[一种鱼的名称]有典型的门管区。总之，本研究首次系统地比较了[两种鱼的名称]的胃肠系统，揭示了与其生态位和摄食模式相关的显著结构差异，这些差异是对特定环境的适应。它填补了研究空白，为探索鱼类生态适应和环境对消化的影响提供了依据，为[两种鱼的名称]保护策略提供了新思路，并指导鱼类进化生物学研究以及[两种鱼的名称]资源的保护和利用。
