Sokolova Inna
Marine Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
J Exp Biol. 2021 Feb 24;224(Pt Suppl 1):jeb236802. doi: 10.1242/jeb.236802.
Energy metabolism (encompassing energy assimilation, conversion and utilization) plays a central role in all life processes and serves as a link between the organismal physiology, behavior and ecology. Metabolic rates define the physiological and life-history performance of an organism, have direct implications for Darwinian fitness, and affect ecologically relevant traits such as the trophic relationships, productivity and ecosystem engineering functions. Natural environmental variability and anthropogenic changes expose aquatic ectotherms to multiple stressors that can strongly affect their energy metabolism and thereby modify the energy fluxes within an organism and in the ecosystem. This Review focuses on the role of bioenergetic disturbances and metabolic adjustments in responses to multiple stressors (especially the general cellular stress response), provides examples of the effects of multiple stressors on energy intake, assimilation, conversion and expenditure, and discusses the conceptual and quantitative approaches to identify and mechanistically explain the energy trade-offs in multiple stressor scenarios, and link the cellular and organismal bioenergetics with fitness, productivity and/or ecological functions of aquatic ectotherms.
能量代谢（包括能量同化、转化和利用）在所有生命过程中都起着核心作用，并且是生物体生理、行为和生态之间的纽带。代谢率决定了生物体的生理和生活史表现，对达尔文适应性有直接影响，并影响诸如营养关系、生产力和生态系统工程功能等与生态相关的性状。自然环境变化和人为改变使水生变温动物面临多种应激源，这些应激源会强烈影响它们的能量代谢，从而改变生物体内和生态系统中的能量通量。本综述重点关注生物能量干扰和代谢调整在应对多种应激源（尤其是一般细胞应激反应）中的作用，提供多种应激源对能量摄入、同化、转化和消耗影响的实例，并讨论在多种应激源情况下识别和从机制上解释能量权衡的概念和定量方法，以及将细胞和生物体生物能量学与水生变温动物的适应性、生产力和/或生态功能联系起来。
