Jin Minxuan, Zheng Anna, Mkulo Evodia Moses, Wang Linjuan, Zhang Huijuan, Tang Baogui, Zhou Hui, Wang Bei, Huang Jiansheng, Wang Zhongliang
College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Apr 19;15(8):1174. doi: 10.3390/ani15081174.
Temperature is a critical environmental factor that influences the growth, development, metabolism, and overall physiological performance of fish. is an economically significant fish species; however, its molecular mechanism's response to long-term cold stress is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the physiological responses of the liver in exposed to a constant temperature of 18 °C for durations of both 7 and 14 days, utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), metabolomics, and conventional biochemical assays. The antioxidant status, liver histology, and metabolite profiles were examined at different time points. Our results revealed that, following sustained cold exposure, the activities of key antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-initially increased and then decreased. Additionally, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative damage, significantly elevated after 7 and 14 days of cold stress. Histopathological examination of liver tissues showed varying degrees of vacuolation and nuclear atrophy in hepatocytes, indicating oxidative damage. Metabolomic profiling identified 87 and 116 differentially expressed metabolites in the liver on days 7 and 14, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant alterations in pathways related to carbohydrate digestion and absorption, glutathione metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. These findings suggest that mechanisms regulating cell membrane fluidity, energy metabolism, autophagy, and antioxidant defense are crucial for the adaptation of to cold stress. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the molecular and physiological adaptations of to low temperature, highlighting the activation of protective antioxidant responses and modifications of metabolic pathways in the liver.
温度是影响鱼类生长、发育、代谢及整体生理性能的关键环境因素。[鱼类名称]是一种具有重要经济意义的鱼类；然而，其分子机制对长期冷应激的反应仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术（LC-MS）、代谢组学和传统生化分析方法，研究了[鱼类名称]在18℃恒温下暴露7天和14天期间肝脏的生理反应。在不同时间点检测了抗氧化状态、肝脏组织学和代谢物谱。我们的结果显示，在持续冷暴露后，关键抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）的活性先升高后降低。此外，氧化损伤标志物丙二醛（MDA）的水平在冷应激7天和14天后显著升高。肝脏组织的组织病理学检查显示肝细胞有不同程度的空泡化和核萎缩，表明存在氧化损伤。代谢组学分析分别在第7天和第14天在肝脏中鉴定出87种和116种差异表达的代谢物。通路富集分析显示与碳水化合物消化和吸收、谷胱甘肽代谢和甘油脂质代谢相关的通路有显著改变。这些发现表明，调节细胞膜流动性、能量代谢、自噬和抗氧化防御的机制对于[鱼类名称]适应冷应激至关重要。总体而言，本研究为[鱼类名称]对低温的分子和生理适应提供了有价值的见解，突出了肝脏中保护性抗氧化反应的激活和代谢途径的改变。
