Gonçalves Joana, Anjos Ofélia, Guiné Raquel P F
CERNAS-IPV, Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal.
Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Foods. 2025 Apr 15;14(8):1364. doi: 10.3390/foods14081364.
More than one billion tons of the food produced in the world ends up being wasted every year, accounting for about one-third of the food produced globally. For this reason, the problem of food waste management has been the focus of the different actors intervening in the food supply chains, who recognize that food waste has not only environmental but also economic and social impacts. This review focuses on foods of plant origin wasted at different stages of their life, namely primary production, transformation/processing, transportation, sales, catering and the domestic level. It addresses the subject from multiple angles, considering the environmental, economic and social perspectives. The review was based on a search carried out within scientific databases, for example, ScienceDirect, Scopus and the Web of Science. The results highlighted that in the generation and management of food waste from plant origin, there is a clear difference between developed and developing countries, with these last showing higher losses in production, principally the transportation and storage of the foods. Contrarily, in developed countries, excess food produced and not consumed is the strongest contributor to food waste. Valorization of agricultural waste and industrial residues for application into animal feed or agricultural fertilizers, or through the recovery of valuable compounds for industrial purposes, are some of the ways to deal with food waste while generating additional economic value and reducing environmental impact. However, there is still a need to modify processes and behaviors to reduce food waste and improve the sustainability of supply chains. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct research to identify and report food waste so that stakeholders can contribute positively to solving this problem.
全球每年生产的食物中有超过10亿吨最终被浪费,约占全球食物产量的三分之一。因此,食物浪费管理问题一直是参与食品供应链的不同行为体关注的焦点,他们认识到食物浪费不仅会对环境产生影响,还会对经济和社会产生影响。本综述聚焦于植物源食物在其生命周期不同阶段被浪费的情况,即初级生产、加工、运输、销售、餐饮和家庭层面。它从环境、经济和社会等多个角度探讨了这一主题。该综述基于在科学数据库(如ScienceDirect、Scopus和Web of Science)中进行的检索。结果表明,在植物源食物浪费的产生和管理方面,发达国家和发展中国家存在明显差异,发展中国家在生产环节(主要是食物的运输和储存)的损失更高。相反,在发达国家,生产出来但未被消费的多余食物是食物浪费的最大成因。将农业废弃物和工业残渣用于动物饲料或农业肥料,或通过回收有价值的化合物用于工业目的,这些都是处理食物浪费的一些方式,同时还能创造额外的经济价值并减少环境影响。然而,仍需要改变流程和行为,以减少食物浪费并提高供应链的可持续性。因此,开展研究以识别和报告食物浪费情况至关重要,这样利益相关者才能为解决这一问题做出积极贡献。