Ciftci Beyza, Varol Ihsan Serkan, Kaymaz Engin, Saylak Sevgi, Kaplan Mahmut
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye.
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye.
Foods. 2025 Apr 21;14(8):1432. doi: 10.3390/foods14081432.
Understanding the impact of irrigation levels on maize ( L.) nutritional properties is crucial for optimizing water use in sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the effects of three irrigation levels (I75: 75%, I100: 100%, and I125: 125% of depleted water from field capacity) on the biochemical composition, mineral content, and fatty acid profile of five maize cultivars' grain. Biplot analysis was employed to identify superior irrigation levels and cultivars regarding nutritional traits and to visually interpret their interrelationships. The findings indicate that increased irrigation enhances oil, protein, ash, total starch, amylopectin, resistant starch, and non-resistant starch while reducing dietary fiber, phytic acid, and amylose levels. Mineral contents generally increased with irrigation, except for sulfur, which declined, and potassium, which peaked at I100 before decreasing. The fatty acid composition was largely cultivar-dependent, with no significant effect from irrigation. Among the tested irrigation levels, I100 was the most optimal, providing the best nutritional quality and mineral composition balance across the maize cultivars. Pioneer PR31Y43 and Syngenta Dracma cultivars stood out under limited irrigation conditions (I75), Pioneer PR31G98 and Tareks OSSK644 cultivars under optimum irrigation conditions (I100), and Syngenta Inove and Tareks OSSK644 cultivars under over-irrigation conditions (I125). These results highlight the necessity of cultivar-specific irrigation strategies to maximize maize nutritional quality and resource efficiency.
了解灌溉水平对玉米（L.）营养特性的影响对于优化可持续农业中的水资源利用至关重要。本研究调查了三种灌溉水平（I75：田间持水量耗水量的75%、I100：100%、I125：125%）对五个玉米品种籽粒的生化组成、矿物质含量和脂肪酸谱的影响。采用双标图分析来确定关于营养特性的优质灌溉水平和品种，并直观地解释它们之间的相互关系。研究结果表明，增加灌溉会提高油、蛋白质、灰分、总淀粉、支链淀粉、抗性淀粉和非抗性淀粉的含量，同时降低膳食纤维、植酸和直链淀粉水平。矿物质含量一般随灌溉增加而增加，但硫含量下降，钾含量在I100时达到峰值后下降。脂肪酸组成在很大程度上取决于品种，灌溉对其没有显著影响。在测试的灌溉水平中，I100是最适宜的，能在各玉米品种中提供最佳的营养品质和矿物质组成平衡。先锋PR31Y43和先正达Dracma品种在有限灌溉条件（I75）下表现突出，先锋PR31G98和Tareks OSSK644品种在最佳灌溉条件（I100）下表现突出，先正达Inove和Tareks OSSK644品种在过度灌溉条件（I125）下表现突出。这些结果凸显了采用特定品种灌溉策略以最大化玉米营养品质和资源利用效率的必要性。
