Pecani Marin, Andreozzi Paola, Cangemi Roberto, Corica Bernadette, Miglionico Marzia, Romiti Giulio Francesco, Stefanini Lucia, Raparelli Valeria, Basili Stefania
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2025 Apr 16;14(8):2750. doi: 10.3390/jcm14082750.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by hepatic steatosis, the presence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor, and no other apparent cause. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of clinical conditions associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and overall morbidity and mortality. This narrative review summarizes the changes in the management of people with MetS and NAFLD/MASLD from screening to therapeutic strategies that have occurred in the last decades. Specifically, we underline the clinical importance of considering the different impacts of simple steatosis and advanced fibrosis and provide an up-to-date overview on non-invasive diagnostic tests (i.e., imaging and serum biomarkers), which now offer acceptable accuracy and are globally more accessible. Early detection of MetS and MASLD is a top priority as it allows for timely interventions, primarily through lifestyle modification. The liver and cardiovascular benefits of a global and multidimensional approach are not negligible. Therefore, a holistic approach to both conditions, MetS and related chronic liver disease, should be applied to improve overall health and longevity.
代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD），以前称为非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD），涵盖了一系列以肝脂肪变性、至少存在一种心血管代谢危险因素且无其他明显病因特征的肝脏疾病。代谢综合征（MetS）是一组与心血管疾病、2型糖尿病以及总体发病率和死亡率增加风险相关的临床病症。这篇叙述性综述总结了过去几十年中从筛查到治疗策略方面，患有代谢综合征和非酒精性脂肪性肝病/代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病患者管理的变化。具体而言，我们强调了考虑单纯性脂肪变性和晚期纤维化不同影响的临床重要性，并提供了关于非侵入性诊断测试（即影像学和血清生物标志物）的最新概述，这些测试目前具有可接受的准确性且在全球范围内更容易获得。早期检测代谢综合征和代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病是当务之急，因为这允许及时干预，主要通过生活方式改变。全面和多维度方法对肝脏和心血管的益处不可忽视。因此，应采用整体方法来处理代谢综合征和相关慢性肝病这两种情况，以改善整体健康和寿命。
