El Karmoudi Yahya, Krigas Nikos, Chergui El Hemiani Brahim, Khabbach Abdelmajid, Libiad Mohamed
Ecology, Systematics and Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, URL-CNRST N° 18, FS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, M'Hannech II, Tetouan 93002, Morocco.
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Demeter (ELGO-DIMITRA), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Apr 20;14(8):1254. doi: 10.3390/plants14081254.
The focus of this study was the Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean (IBRM, part of the biodiversity hotspot of the Mediterranean Basin) and the Orchidaceae family, which is under-studied in the Moroccan part of the IBRM. For this reason, an inventory of Orchidaceae diversity and factors that could influence their in situ conservation was undertaken, employing a series of field surveys conducted in the Northern Moroccan IBRM ecosystems. In total, 42 sites were surveyed in four protected areas of the Moroccan part of the IBRM. In total, 21 Orchidaceae species and subspecies (taxa) belonging to seven genera were identified, including subsp. as newly recorded in Morocco, as well as several new reports for different sites and/or areas surveyed, thus updating the previous knowledge of Moroccan Orchidaceae. Most of the Orchidaceae taxa were found in limited numbers of individuals (<30) and were restricted in a few sites (1-3) or a single area; thus, they were assessed as poorly conserved due to the scarcity of rainfall coupled with human pressures, such as the abstraction of surface water, forest fires, and the conversion of protected forests to farms. The enforcement of existing laws, the adoption of strategies to combat desertification and forest fires, the prohibition of farming, and raising awareness among the local population could reduce the pressures on the protected Orchidaceae members and their habitats, thereby contributing to their conservation.
本研究的重点是地中海洲际生物圈保护区（IBRM，地中海盆地生物多样性热点地区的一部分）以及兰科植物，在IBRM的摩洛哥部分，兰科植物的研究较少。因此，开展了一项兰科植物多样性及其影响原地保护因素的清查工作，在摩洛哥北部IBRM生态系统中进行了一系列实地调查。在IBRM摩洛哥部分的四个保护区共调查了42个地点。总共鉴定出属于7个属的21种兰科植物物种和亚种（分类群），包括在摩洛哥新记录的亚种，以及不同调查地点和/或区域的若干新记录，从而更新了摩洛哥兰科植物的先前知识。大多数兰科分类群的个体数量有限（<30），且局限于少数地点（1 - 3个）或单个区域；因此，由于降雨稀少以及人类压力，如地表水抽取、森林火灾和将受保护森林转变为农场，它们被评估为保护状况不佳。执行现有法律、采取防治荒漠化和森林火灾的战略、禁止耕种以及提高当地居民的认识，可减轻对受保护兰科植物及其栖息地的压力，从而有助于对它们的保护。
