L. Herb Extract, Its Amino Acids Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Technological, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological Research.

: The Canadian goldenrod ( L.) is one of the most widespread species of the genus from the Asteraceae family. It has a rich composition of biologically active compounds and is traditionally used to address kidney, urinary tract, and liver diseases. Previously, it was proven that the extract obtained with a 40% ethanol solution had the most promising anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity. Therefore, this extract was selected for the further formulation of amino acid preparations and 3D-printed dosage forms. The aims of the present study were to investigate the chemical composition, toxicity, and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activity of dry extract, its amino acid preparations, and 3D-printed dosage forms. : A total of 18 phenolic compounds and 14 amino acids were determined in the extracts. The herb extracts were verified to be practically non-toxic preparations (toxicity class V, LD₅₀ > 5000 mg/kg). They also showed moderate antimicrobial activity against , and β-hemolytic . The most pronounced hepatoprotective activity was observed with herb extract and its amino acid preparations with phenylalanine, alanine, and lysine at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. The most pronounced anti-inflammatory activity was found with herb extract and its preparation with arginine. According to the calculated docking score array and the analysis of binding modes in the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2, the flavonoid fraction and caffeic acid in the extracts presented moderate inhibitory activity. : The development of innovative 3D-printed oral dosage forms represents a promising strategy to formulate dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations for these herbal extracts.