2002-2022 Quinolone Resistance in of Swine in Mainland China: A Meta-Analysis.

Swine have emerged as significant reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant strains and genes. To establish a sound rationale for applying quinolone antibiotics in the swine industry, a meta-analysis was performed on the resistance rate of swine-derived to quinolone antibiotics in China from 2002 to 2022. We systematically searched through three databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, and included 53 eligible studies within the specified timeframe. Resistance rates were calculated using a random-effects model and the Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation. The resistance rates observed were as follows: 37% for levofloxacin (95% CI: 2747%), 43% for ofloxacin (95% CI: 3451%), 54% for enrofloxacin (95% CI: 4662%), and 50% for ciprofloxacin (95% CI: 4258%). Further subgroup analyses illuminated that the resistance rates were higher in mainland China's eastern regions than in western regions. Additionally, there was no significant decrease in the resistance rate over time in different periods. From 2002 to 2022, strains from swine in various regions of mainland China exhibited differing degrees of generalized resistance to quinolones. This poses a potential public health risk and underscores the fact that the control of quinolone antibiotics remains a prolonged and ongoing challenge.