Transverse analysis of maxillary transverse deficiency and sagittal skeletal patterns: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

INTRODUCTION

Maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) leads to various dental and skeletal complications; however, its association with sagittal skeletal patterns remains unclear. Investigating this relationship may deepen our understanding of craniofacial growth and support orthodontic treatment planning.

METHODS

We analyzed cone-beam computed tomography scans from 150 patients with either MTD or normal maxillary width. Transverse discrepancy and dental compensation were assessed across different sagittal skeletal patterns at both anterior and posterior maxillary sites, as well as at 3 vertical levels: the dental arch, alveolar bone, and basal bone. Refined measurement parameters were used to develop a comprehensive cone-beam computed tomography diagnostic approach.

RESULTS

Patients with MTD showed significant transverse discrepancies and dental compensations. However, buccal tipping of the maxillary canines was not statistically significant (P = 0.198). Patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and MTD tended to exhibit greater skeletal transverse discrepancies and pronounced dental compensation. Conversely, patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion generally presented with milder transverse discrepancies and dental compensation, primarily in the posterior maxilla, whereas lingual tipping of the mandibular molars was not significant (P = 0.054). Patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion had a relatively even distribution of transverse discrepancies across the anterior and posterior dental arch segments.

CONCLUSIONS

MTD severity and presentation were significantly associated with sagittal skeletal patterns. Differences in the distribution of transverse discrepancies and dental compensation patterns among the 3 sagittal skeletal classes should be carefully considered in treatment planning.