Zhang Lili, Liu Ke, Feng Shiqing, Yang Fan, He Ren, Jing Nannan, Wu Huiying
College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2025 Apr 26;118(6):75. doi: 10.1007/s10482-025-02085-w.
In China, due to the rapid growth of the livestock and poultry farming industries, large amounts of manure are produced every year, which contains large amounts of heavy metals, and field application of this manure as fertilizer leads to the accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in soils. In this study, a pot experiment and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to study the soil chemical properties and bacterial community characteristics of the Chinese cabbage rhizosphere in purple soil, red soil and yellow soil under fertilizer (CF), chicken manure (CM) and pig manure (PM) application. Compared with the CK and CF, chicken manure (CM3 and CM6) and pig manure (PM3 and PM6) application significantly increased the soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), Cu and Zn contents, with greater increases at higher application rates. There were no significant changes in the total and available Cd and Pb contents in purple soil, but the contents of these heavy metals significantly decreased in red soil and yellow soils. The application of fertilizer increased the Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb contents in the shoots of Chinese cabbage, while the trends of heavy metals contents differed by soil type and manure type under other treatments. PERMANOVA revealed that the application of chicken manure and pig manure significantly affected the bacterial community structure of the cabbage rhizosphere soil regardless of soil type (P = 0.001). Network analysis revealed that application of chemical fertilizers enhanced network complexity, whereas the opposite was true for application of chicken and pig manure, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased by 1.69% ~ 6.21%, 2.41% ~ 5.41% and 5.65% ~ 12.12%, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that pH, SOM and Zn were the main factors affecting the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil. The response of rhizosphere bacteria to different soil types differed. A correlation heatmap revealed that Lysobacter and Sphingomonas were heavy metal-resistant strains. The effects of Cu and Zn on bacteria in different rhizosphere soils were quite different. This study provides a reference for the safe application of livestock manure to agricultural fields, and the results suggest that heavy metal-resistant strains can be used to assist in the remediation of HM-polluted environments.
在中国，由于畜禽养殖业的快速发展，每年产生大量粪便，其中含有大量重金属，将这种粪便作为肥料施用于田间会导致土壤中重金属的积累。本研究采用盆栽试验和16S rRNA基因测序技术，研究了在施用化肥（CF）、鸡粪（CM）和猪粪（PM）的情况下，紫色土、红壤和黄壤中大白菜根际土壤的化学性质和细菌群落特征。与对照（CK）和化肥处理相比，施用鸡粪（CM3和CM6）和猪粪（PM3和PM6）显著提高了土壤pH值、土壤有机质（SOM）、铜和锌含量，施用量越高增幅越大。紫色土中镉和铅的总量及有效含量无显著变化，但在红壤和黄壤中这些重金属的含量显著降低。施用化肥增加了大白菜地上部铜、锌、镉和铅的含量，而在其他处理下，重金属含量的变化趋势因土壤类型和粪肥类型而异。PERMANOVA分析表明，无论土壤类型如何，施用鸡粪和猪粪均显著影响大白菜根际土壤细菌群落结构（P = 0.001）。网络分析表明，施用化肥增强了网络复杂性，而施用鸡粪和猪粪则相反，变形菌门的相对丰度分别增加了1.69% ~ 6.21%、2.41% ~ 5.41%和5.65% ~ 12.12%。冗余分析（RDA）表明，pH值、SOM和锌是影响根际土壤细菌群落的主要因素。根际细菌对不同土壤类型的响应存在差异。相关热图显示，溶杆菌属和鞘氨醇单胞菌属是重金属抗性菌株。铜和锌对不同根际土壤中细菌的影响差异较大。本研究为畜禽粪便在农田中的安全施用提供了参考，结果表明重金属抗性菌株可用于协助修复重金属污染环境。
