Varo Cristina, Barrigón Maria Luisa, Rider Julia, Reguera Pablo, Mayo-Jaraquemada Ana, Canal-Rivero Manuel, Garrido-Torres Nathalia, Baca-Garcia Enrique, Ruiz-Veguilla Miguel, Crespo-Facorro Benedicto
Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41018, Spain.
Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health,, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2025 Apr 26. doi: 10.1007/s10802-025-01309-x.
Self-harm is a growing phenomenon among young people. This study examined self-harm rates in youths over five years, before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we explored risk factors influencing self-harm repetition. We conducted a retrospective analysis of people under 25 years who presented with self-harm at an emergency department in Seville, Spain, from January 1st 2018 to December 31st 2022. Participants were identified through hospital records. We used Joinpoint regression analysis to assess changes in trends and compared demographic and clinical variables between pre- and post-pandemic periods. Cox regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of repeated self-harm. The study included of 726 individuals, with 282 (38.84%) and 444 (61.16%) first-time self-harm cases before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset, respectively. A significant increase in self-harm rates was observed from December 2020 to March 2021. Post-pandemic, there was an over-representation of 10-14-year-olds, increased substance use rates, and a higher proportion of suicide attempts compared to non-suicidal self-injuries. Affective disorders, personality disorders, lifetime psychiatric history, and previous non-suicidal self-injuries were associated with higher rates of recurring self-harm episodes. Self-harm among young people increased one year after the initial COVID-19 outbreak. Post-pandemic first-time self-harm cases exhibited higher rates of substance use and tended to engage in suicide attempts, particularly among 10-14-year-olds. Recurrence was associated with psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric history and non-suicidal self-harm history.
自我伤害在年轻人中是一个日益普遍的现象。本研究调查了新冠疫情爆发前后五年间年轻人的自我伤害率。此外，我们还探讨了影响自我伤害复发的风险因素。我们对2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间在西班牙塞维利亚一家急诊科出现自我伤害行为的25岁以下人群进行了回顾性分析。通过医院记录识别参与者。我们使用Joinpoint回归分析来评估趋势变化，并比较疫情前和疫情后时期的人口统计学和临床变量。采用Cox回归分析来确定反复自我伤害的预测因素。该研究纳入了726名个体，其中分别有282例（38.84%）和444例（61.16%）首次自我伤害病例发生在新冠疫情爆发之前和之后。2020年12月至2021年3月期间，自我伤害率显著上升。疫情后，10 - 14岁人群占比过高，物质使用率上升，与非自杀性自我伤害相比，自杀未遂的比例更高。情感障碍、人格障碍、终生精神病史以及既往非自杀性自我伤害与较高的反复自我伤害发作率相关。在新冠疫情首次爆发一年后，年轻人中的自我伤害行为有所增加。疫情后首次自我伤害病例的物质使用率更高，且倾向于进行自杀未遂行为，尤其是在10 - 14岁人群中。复发与精神疾病诊断、精神病史和非自杀性自我伤害病史有关。
