Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Hydrazide and Hydrazone Derivatives: Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Potential in Preclinical Models.

Hydrazones, characterized by their C=N-NH functional group, are promising candidates in medicinal chemistry due to their ability to interact with biological targets. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of -pyrrolylcarbohydrazide () and four pyrrole hydrazone derivatives () in male Wistar rats (6 weeks old). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model, while formalin, tail flick, and paw withdrawal tests evaluated analgesia. Compound exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. At 20 mg/kg, significant edema reductions were observed at the 2nd ( = 0.035) and 3rd hours ( = 0.022), while at 40 mg/kg, reductions remained significant at the 2nd ( = 0.008) and 3rd hours ( = 0.046). Compound showed pronounced effects at 20 mg/kg at the 2nd ( = 0.005), 3rd ( < 0.001), and 4th hours ( = 0.004). Other compounds demonstrated minimal or no activity. Analgesic evaluation revealed that at 40 mg/kg, compound significantly reduced paw-licking time in the second phase ( = 0.038). Compounds , , and exhibited transient effects in the first phase only ( < 0.05). Compound lacked significant analgesic activity. The findings suggest that structural modifications may enhance efficacy for broader therapeutic applications.