Lv Rongrong, Shan Jie, Sun Anchi, Xing Zhiwei, Xu Qun, Shao Qianqian, Li Hui
Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University.
Am J Otolaryngol. 2025 May-Jun;46(3):104646. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2025.104646. Epub 2025 Apr 21.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory reaction of the nasal mainly mediated by Immunoglobulin E(IgE). It is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Patients with nasal discomfort, persistent nasal itching, sneezing, runny nose and so on as the main symptoms, it is a refractory allergic disease, will seriously reduce the quality of life of patients.
At present, the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis is mainly to avoid contact with allergens, drug treatment and desensitization treatment. The serum IgE level of most patients is significantly increased. By introducing monoclonal antibodies into the gene-expression environment of IgE, the levels of free IgE can be effectively suppressed, resulting in a significant reduction in the incidence of AR. Therefore, this article will explore the mechanism and clinical application of this new anti-IgE drug, omalizumab.
Omalizumab can significantly relieve the condition of AR patients and reduce the dosage of corticosteroids and antihistamines, but its long-term efficacy and safety need further observation and analysis. Before use, the patient's status should be confirmed and the potential risks should be discussed with the patient in advance.
变应性鼻炎（AR）是主要由免疫球蛋白E（IgE）介导的鼻黏膜炎症反应。它是世界上最常见的慢性疾病之一。患者以鼻不适、持续性鼻痒、打喷嚏、流鼻涕等为主要症状，是一种难治性变应性疾病，会严重降低患者的生活质量。
目前，变应性鼻炎患者的治疗主要是避免接触变应原、药物治疗和脱敏治疗。大多数患者的血清IgE水平显著升高。通过将单克隆抗体引入IgE的基因表达环境中，可有效抑制游离IgE水平，从而使AR的发病率显著降低。因此，本文将探讨这种新型抗IgE药物奥马珠单抗的作用机制及临床应用。
奥马珠单抗可显著缓解AR患者的病情，减少皮质类固醇和抗组胺药的用量，但其长期疗效和安全性有待进一步观察分析。使用前应确认患者情况，并提前与患者讨论潜在风险。
