非洲之角斯氏按蚊的流行情况：一项系统评价与荟萃分析

Prevalence of Anopheles stephensi in Horn of Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

作者信息

Abebe Wagaw, Sisay Assefa, Mihret Yenesew, Setegn Abebaw, Asmare Zelalem, Woldesenbet Dagmawi, Kassanew Birhanu, Mekuanint Amare, Feleke Sefineh Fenta

机构信息

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.

Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

出版信息

BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Apr 27;25(1):614. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11022-1.

DOI:10.1186/s12879-025-11022-1

PMID:40289121

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12036230/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Anopheles stephensi has been a primary cause of malaria spread in urban areas. The World Health Organization announced a threat alert in 2019 that highlighted the An. stephensi outbreak in the Horn of Africa. Currently, there is insufficient information on the prevalence of An. stephensi. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi in Horn of Africa.

METHODS

Systematic search was performed to retrieve articles from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct databases, and Google Scholar search engine. Fourteen potential studies that provided important data on An. stephensi were systematically reviewed and analyzed. The prevalence of An. stephensi was extracted separately into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA 17.0. The Inverse of variance was done to evaluate heterogeneity across studies. A funnel plot and an Egger's test were used to evaluate the potential publication bias. A trim-and-fill-meta-analysis was carried out to generate a bias-adjusted effect estimate. A random effect model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi. Subgroup analysis was performed based on year of publication and country.

RESULTS

A total of 14 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. From this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi was 41.26%. The subgroup analysis based on year of publication showed that the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi in studies conducted 2014-2018 was 99%, while it was 36.82% in studies conducted 2019-2024. On the other hand, country-based analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of An. stephensi in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somaliland, and Sudan was 10.5%, 17.3%, 55.30%, 9.90%, 48.70%, and 24.63%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review and meta-analysis reveal a high prevalence of An. stephensi across the Horn of Africa region. This underscores the significant challenges in managing malaria infections transmitted by An. stephensi in the region. Health officials must adjust current vector control measures to incorporate An. stephensi with the local malaria vector species. Also, regular identification and limiting of An. stephensi must be sustained to ensure the effectiveness of malaria prevention.

摘要

背景

斯氏按蚊一直是城市地区疟疾传播的主要原因。世界卫生组织在2019年发布了威胁警报，强调了斯氏按蚊在非洲之角的爆发。目前，关于斯氏按蚊流行情况的信息不足。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在确定非洲之角斯氏按蚊的合并流行率。

方法

进行系统检索，从PubMed、Scopus、Science Direct数据库和谷歌学术搜索引擎中检索文章。对14项提供了斯氏按蚊重要数据的潜在研究进行了系统评价和分析。将斯氏按蚊的流行率分别提取到Microsoft Excel中，并使用STATA 17.0进行分析。采用方差倒数法评估各研究间的异质性。使用漏斗图和Egger检验评估潜在的发表偏倚。进行了修剪填充荟萃分析以生成偏差调整后的效应估计值。采用随机效应模型确定斯氏按蚊的合并流行率。根据发表年份和国家进行亚组分析。

结果

本系统评价和荟萃分析共纳入14项研究。通过该荟萃分析，斯氏按蚊的合并流行率为41.26%。基于发表年份的亚组分析表明，2014 - 2018年进行的研究中斯氏按蚊的合并流行率为99%，而2019 - 2024年进行的研究中为36.82%。另一方面，基于国家的分析表明，吉布提、厄立特里亚、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、索马里兰和苏丹的斯氏按蚊合并流行率分别为10.5%、17.3%、55.30%、9.90%、48.70%和24.63%。