Ferraro Valentina Agnese, Zanconato Stefania, Carraro Silvia
Unit of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 14;17(6):1014. doi: 10.3390/nu17061014.
Recently, the "epithelial barrier hypothesis" has been proposed as a key factor in the development of allergic diseases, such as food allergies. Harmful environmental factors can damage epithelial barriers, with detrimental effects on the host immune response and on the local microbial equilibrium, resulting in chronic mucosal inflammation that perpetuates the dysfunction of the epithelial barrier. The increased epithelial permeability allows allergens to access the submucosae, leading to an imbalance between type 1 T-helper (Th1) and type 2 T-helper (Th2) inflammation, with a predominant Th2 response that is the key factor in food allergy development. In this article on the state of the art, we review scientific evidence on the "epithelial barrier hypothesis", with a focus on food allergies. We describe how loss of integrity of the skin and intestinal epithelial barrier and modifications in gut microbiota composition can contribute to local inflammatory changes and immunological unbalance that can lead to the development of food allergies.
最近，“上皮屏障假说”被提出作为过敏性疾病（如食物过敏）发展的关键因素。有害环境因素会损害上皮屏障，对宿主免疫反应和局部微生物平衡产生不利影响，导致慢性黏膜炎症，使上皮屏障功能持续失调。上皮通透性增加使过敏原能够进入黏膜下层，导致1型辅助性T细胞（Th1）和2型辅助性T细胞（Th2）炎症失衡，其中以Th2反应为主导，这是食物过敏发展的关键因素。在这篇关于最新进展的文章中，我们回顾了关于“上皮屏障假说”的科学证据，重点关注食物过敏。我们描述了皮肤和肠道上皮屏障完整性的丧失以及肠道微生物群组成的改变如何导致局部炎症变化和免疫失衡，进而引发食物过敏。
