BACKGROUND

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to negative physical and mental health outcomes. Limited information on their influence exists in Latin America and middle-income countries like Mexico. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and impact of ACEs and benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) on Mexican population health.

METHODS

From September to November 2023, this cross-sectional study recruited a nationally representative sample of adults aged 18-65, randomly selected from urban and rural areas. Sociodemographic data, ACEs, BCEs, physical and mental health history, and clinical assessments for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and eating disorders were collected.

FINDINGS

Of 1448 participants recruited, 1115 (77%) were women, 1278 (88·2%) reported at least one ACE, while 328 (22·6%) had four or more. Physical (840; 58·6%) and emotional neglect (518; 35·7%) were the most frequent. Four or more ACEs increased the odds of obesity (OR 1·8, 95% CI 1·2-2·8), hypertension (OR 1·6, 95% CI 1·1-2·2), depression (OR 4·7, 95% CI 3·6-6·1) and anxiety (OR 4·1, 95% CI 3·2-5·3) among others. Common BCEs included having at least one supportive caregiver (1298; 89·6%) and feeling comfortable with oneself (1272; 87·8%). BCEs decreased the odds of physical and mental health diagnoses.

INTERPRETATION

ACEs are highly prevalent and significantly impact the health of Mexican population. BCEs protect against these effects. Considering ACEs in public policies can help establish interventions to prevent adversity and promote positive childhood experiences.

FUNDING

Fundación FEMSA, Centro de Primera Infancia from Tecnológico de Monterrey and Fundación FEMSA and Tecnologico de Monterrey Challenge-Based Research Funding Program 2022.