University of Denver, Department of Psychology, United States; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry/Child Trauma Research Program, United States.
Department of Anthropology, Emory University, United States.
Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Apr;78:19-30. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.022. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
This pilot study examined the psychometric properties of the Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) scale, a new instrument designed to assess positive early life experiences in adults with histories of childhood maltreatment and other adversities. A counterpart to the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) questionnaire, the BCEs was developed to be multiculturally-sensitive and applicable regardless of socioeconomic position, urban-rural background, or immigration status. Higher levels of BCEs were hypothesized to predict lower levels of psychopathology and stress beyond the effects of ACES in a sample of ethnically diverse, low-income pregnant women. BCEs were also expected to show adequate internal validity across racial/ethnic groups and test-retest stability from the prenatal to the postnatal period. Participants were 101 pregnant women (M=29.10years, SD=6.56, range=18-44; 37% Latina, 22% African-American, 20% White, 21% biracial/multiracial/other; 37% foreign-born, 26% Spanish-speaking) who completed the BCEs and ACEs scales; assessments of prenatal depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, perceived stress, and exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) during pregnancy; and demographic information. Higher levels of BCEs predicted less PTSD symptoms and SLEs, above and beyond ACEs. The BCEs showed excellent test-retest reliability, and mean levels were comparable across racial/ethnic and Spanish-English groups of women. Person-oriented analyses also showed that higher levels of BCEs offset the effects of ACEs on prenatal stress and psychopathology. The BCEs scale indexes promising promotive factors associated with lower trauma-related symptomatology and stress exposure during pregnancy and illuminates how favorable childhood experiences may counteract long-term effects of childhood adversity.
这项初步研究考察了仁慈童年经历（BCEs）量表的心理测量特性，该量表是一种新的工具，旨在评估有童年虐待和其他逆境史的成年人的积极早期生活经历。作为逆境童年经历（ACEs）问卷的对应物，BCEs 旨在具有文化敏感性，并且无论社会经济地位、城乡背景或移民身份如何都适用。在一个种族多样化、低收入的孕妇样本中，假设 BCEs 水平较高可以预测 ACEs 之外的心理病理学和压力水平较低。BCEs 还预计在不同种族/族裔群体中具有足够的内部有效性，并在产前到产后期间具有测试-重测稳定性。参与者为 101 名孕妇（M=29.10 岁，SD=6.56，范围 18-44；37%拉丁裔，22%非裔美国人，20%白人，21%混血/多种族/其他；37%外国出生，26%讲西班牙语），他们完成了 BCEs 和 ACEs 量表；评估产前抑郁和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状、感知压力和怀孕期间应激性生活事件（SLEs）；以及人口统计学信息。BCEs 水平较高预示着 PTSD 症状和 SLEs 减少，超出了 ACEs 的预测。BCEs 具有出色的测试-重测可靠性，并且女性的平均水平在种族/族裔和西班牙语-英语群体之间具有可比性。个体导向分析还表明，BCEs 水平较高可以抵消 ACEs 对产前压力和心理病理学的影响。BCEs 量表指数与创伤相关症状和怀孕期间应激暴露较低相关的有希望的促进因素，并阐明了良好的童年经历如何抵消童年逆境的长期影响。
