Estabrooks Paul A, Bolyard Mickey L, Casucci Tallie, Christensen Josh T, Gibson Bryan, Golden Caitlin A, Hill Jennie L, Horvath Linnea, Lee Shinduk, Maxfield Ellen M, McFarland Mary M, Merle James L, Michaud Tzeyu L, Miller Megan, Pereira Emiliane L, Schlechter Chelsey R, Simonsen Sara E, Wetter David W, Locke Amy B
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 1;13:1515042. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1515042. eCollection 2025.
Improving the reach of existing lifestyle interventions focused on health promotion, disease prevention, and self-management delivered in community or clinical settings has the potential to increase the public health impact of these interventions. However, little is known about the overall success of recruitment strategies or the specification of strategy components including the details of how, through which channel, and by whom the recruitment strategies are enacted.
We conducted a scoping review with guidance from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. For transparency and reproducibility, we adhered to the PRISMA-S and PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting literature searches and scoping reviews. Our eligibility criteria included studies that reported recruitment strategies to improve reach (enrollment number, participation rate, and representativeness of participants) of health promotion, disease prevention, and self-management lifestyle interventions for children or adults worldwide. Recruitment strategies for non-lifestyle interventions, such as pharmaceutical trials, were excluded. Databases included Medline (Ovid), Embase (embase.com), CINAHL Complete (Ebscohost), APA PsycINFO (Ebscohost), and Dissertation and Theses Global (ProQuest). Database search results were retrieved on March 2-3, 2023.
From a total of 9,712 references, 98 studies were included. Eight studies compared recruitment strategies using a randomized controlled trial and 90 studies were evaluations/quasi-experiments that reported on reach. There was a wide variety of recruitment strategies used, with 32% of the studies utilizing more than one recruitment strategy. The average reach, operationalized as participation rate, of the primary strategy (n = 15 defined strategies) being tested ranged from 3 to 41%. Further, participation rates ranged across studies that focused on children (43%), adults (25%), and older adults (16%). Most included studies did not report (1) strategy timing and dose, (2) theoretical basis, or (3) potential mechanisms of improved reach. Finally, differences in how the denominator was operationalized reduced confidence in comparing across strategies.
More clarity is needed when reporting on specific recruitment strategies used to improve the reach of lifestyle interventions. Suggestions include guidance on how to consistently define a denominator of eligible participants exposed to recruitment strategies. Furthermore, the use of theoretical approaches and testing of potential mechanisms of effect are needed in future studies to advance the science of improving lifestyle intervention reach.
The unique identifier for our scoping review is 3g68b it can be found at this url: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3G68B.
在社区或临床环境中，提高现有以健康促进、疾病预防和自我管理为重点的生活方式干预措施的覆盖范围，有可能增加这些干预措施对公众健康的影响。然而，对于招募策略的总体成功率或策略组成部分的具体说明，包括招募策略如何实施、通过何种渠道实施以及由谁实施的细节，我们知之甚少。
我们在JBI循证综合手册的指导下进行了一项范围综述。为了保证透明度和可重复性，我们遵循PRISMA-S和PRISMA-ScR指南来报告文献检索和范围综述。我们的纳入标准包括报告招募策略以提高全球儿童或成人健康促进、疾病预防和自我管理生活方式干预措施的覆盖范围（招募人数、参与率和参与者代表性）的研究。非生活方式干预措施的招募策略，如药物试验，被排除在外。数据库包括Medline（Ovid）、Embase（embase.com）、CINAHL Complete（Ebscohost）, APA PsycINFO（Ebscohost）和Dissertation and Theses Global（ProQuest）。数据库检索结果于2023年3月2日至3日获取。
从总共9712篇参考文献中，纳入了98项研究。八项研究使用随机对照试验比较了招募策略，90项研究是关于覆盖范围的评估/准实验。使用的招募策略多种多样，32%的研究使用了不止一种招募策略。所测试的主要策略（n = 15种定义的策略）的平均覆盖范围（以参与率衡量）为3%至41%。此外，专注于儿童（43%）、成人（25%）和老年人（16%）的研究的参与率各不相同。大多数纳入研究未报告（1）策略时机和剂量，（2）理论基础，或（3）覆盖范围改善的潜在机制。最后，分母定义方式的差异降低了跨策略比较的可信度。
在报告用于提高生活方式干预措施覆盖范围的具体招募策略时，需要更清晰的说明。建议包括关于如何一致地定义接触招募策略的合格参与者分母的指导意见。此外，未来的研究需要使用理论方法并测试潜在的作用机制，以推进提高生活方式干预覆盖范围的科学研究。
我们范围综述的唯一标识符是3g68b，可在此网址找到：https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3G68B 。
