Orr Ava, Kendall Rebekah L, Jaffar Zeina, Graham Jon, Migliaccio Christopher T, Knudson Jonathon, Noonan Curtis, Landguth Erin L
Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.
Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.
Front Epidemiol. 2025 Apr 11;5:1475141. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2025.1475141. eCollection 2025.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the relationship between PM exposure and increased influenza risk (e.g., increased hospital admissions, confirmed influenza cases), synthesizing previous findings related to pollutant effects and exposure durations.
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for relevant studies up to 1 January 2010, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for selection and analysis.
Our review included 16 studies and found that a 10 μg/m increase in daily PM levels was associated with an increase of 1.5% rise in influenza risk (95% CI: 0.08%, 2.2%), with significant variations across different temperatures and lag times post-exposure. The analysis revealed heightened risks, with the most significant increases observed under extreme temperature conditions. Specifically, colder conditions were associated with a 14.2% increase in risk (RR = 14.2%, 95% CI: 3.5%, 24.9%), while warmer conditions showed the highest increase, with a 29.4% rise in risk (RR = 29.4%, 95% CI: 7.8%, 50.9%). Additionally, adults aged 18-64 were notably affected (RR = 4%, 95% CI: 2.9%, 5.1%).
These results highlight PM's potential to impair immune responses, increasing flu susceptibility. Despite clear evidence of PM's impact on flu risk, gaps remain concerning exposure timing and climate effects. Future research should broaden to diverse regions and populations to deepen understanding and inform public health strategies.
本系统评价和荟萃分析研究了颗粒物（PM）暴露与流感风险增加（如住院人数增加、确诊流感病例）之间的关系，综合了先前有关污染物影响和暴露持续时间的研究结果。
我们按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行筛选和分析，在PubMed、科学网和Scopus上检索截至2010年1月1日的相关研究。
我们的评价纳入了16项研究，发现每日PM水平每增加10μg/m³，流感风险增加1.5%（95%置信区间：0.08%，2.2%），不同温度和暴露后的滞后时间存在显著差异。分析显示风险增加，在极端温度条件下观察到的增加最为显著。具体而言，寒冷条件下风险增加14.2%（相对风险=14.2%，95%置信区间：3.5%，24.9%），而温暖条件下风险增加最高，为29.4%（相对风险=29.4%，95%置信区间：7.8%，50.9%）。此外，18 - 64岁的成年人受影响尤为明显（相对风险=4%，95%置信区间：2.9%，5.1%）。
这些结果突出了PM损害免疫反应、增加流感易感性的潜力。尽管有明确证据表明PM对流感风险有影响，但在暴露时间和气候影响方面仍存在差距。未来的研究应扩大到不同地区和人群，以加深理解并为公共卫生策略提供信息。
