Duda Łukasz, Budryn Grażyna, Olszewska Monika Anna, Rutkowska Magdalena, Kruczkowska Weronika, Grabowska Katarzyna, Kołat Damian, Jaśkiewicz Andrzej, Pasieka Zbigniew Włodzimierz, Kłosiński Karol Kamil
Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 16;17(6):1040. doi: 10.3390/nu17061040.
L., a member of the Asteraceae family, has numerous health-promoting properties that categorize its preparations as functional foods and herbal medicines. Most previous research focused on the root of var (industrial chicory) as a rich source of inulin, while the witloof variety ( var. ) is less explored.
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of var. root extracts obtained with different extraction protocols and to analyze their polysaccharide and polyphenol content.
Freeze-dried root extracts were prepared using water and three extraction methods: pectinase-assisted, pressure-assisted, and a combination of both. The contents of inulin, total polyphenols, and total caffeic acid derivatives in the extracts were measured by the Layne-Eynon, Folin-Ciocalteu, and UHPLC-PDA methods, respectively. Cytotoxicity of the extracts and inulin was tested in vitro using the L929 cell line, MTT method, and paracetamol as the reference standard.
Inulin levels in the extracts ranged from 43.88 to 50.95 g/100 g dry matter (dm), total polyphenols were between 816.7 and 906.4 mg/100 g dm, and total phenolic acids ranged from 11.50 to 187.1 mg/100 dm, with pressure-assisted extraction yielding the highest phytochemical recovery. The cytotoxicity tests showed IC values from 4.72 to 7.31 mg/mL for the extracts, compared to 3.02 for paracetamol and 19.77 for inulin.
Given the high content of active compounds and low cytotoxicity, the root extracts of var. merit further research into their functional and medicinal properties. Pressure-assisted extraction is recommended for effective extraction of chicory.
菊苣属菊科植物，具有多种促进健康的特性，其制剂可归类为功能性食品和草药。此前的大多数研究都集中在菊苣变种（工业菊苣）的根部，因其富含菊粉，而结球菊苣变种（var.）的研究较少。
本研究旨在评估采用不同提取方法获得的结球菊苣变种根部提取物的细胞毒性，并分析其多糖和多酚含量。
使用水和三种提取方法制备冻干根提取物：果胶酶辅助提取、压力辅助提取以及两者结合的方法。分别采用莱恩 - 艾农法、福林 - 西奥尔特法和超高效液相色谱 - 光电二极管阵列法测定提取物中菊粉、总多酚和总咖啡酸衍生物的含量。使用L929细胞系、MTT法，以对乙酰氨基酚作为参考标准，在体外测试提取物和菊粉的细胞毒性。
提取物中菊粉含量在43.88至50.95克/100克干物质（dm）之间，总多酚含量在816.7至906.4毫克/100克dm之间，总酚酸含量在11.50至187.1毫克/100 dm之间，压力辅助提取的植物化学物质回收率最高。细胞毒性测试显示提取物的IC值为4.72至7.31毫克/毫升，对乙酰氨基酚为3.02，菊粉为19.77。
鉴于活性化合物含量高且细胞毒性低，结球菊苣变种的根提取物值得进一步研究其功能和药用特性。推荐采用压力辅助提取法有效提取菊苣。
