Nurlybayeva Aisha, Yermekova Ainura, Taubayeva Raushan, Sarova Nurbanu, Sapiyeva Ardak, Mateeva Sulushash, Matniyazova Gulsim, Bulekbayeva Kamila, Jetpisbayeva Gulim, Tamabekova Marzhan
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz 080000, Kazakhstan.
Department of Chemistry, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz 080000, Kazakhstan.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Mar 14;17(6):776. doi: 10.3390/polym17060776.
This article considers modern approaches to obtaining synthetic oil from unconventional hydrocarbon feedstocks, including plastic waste, tires, biomass, coal, and extra-heavy oil. Particular attention is paid to multi-stage technologies, such as pyrolysis, catalytic depolymerization, gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydrocracking of heavy residues. The important role of catalysts in increasing the selectivity and economic efficiency of processes is noted: nanostructured, bifunctional, and pollution-resistant systems are increasingly used. Economic factors influencing the competitiveness of this industry are considered, including the volatility of prices for traditional oil, government support measures, and the development of waste logistics infrastructure. It is emphasized that the strengthening of the position of synthetic oil is associated with the growth of environmental requirements stimulating the recycling of plastics, tires, and biomass; at the same time, compliance with high environmental standards and transparency of emission control play a critical role in the social aspects of projects. In addition to improving the environmental situation, the development of synthetic oil contributes to the creation of jobs, the resolution of problems of shortage of classical oil fields, and the increase of energy security. It is concluded that further improvement of technologies and integration into industrial clusters can turn this sphere into a significant component of the future energy sector.
本文探讨了从非常规烃类原料（包括塑料垃圾、轮胎、生物质、煤炭和超重油）中获取合成油的现代方法。特别关注了多阶段技术，如热解、催化解聚、气化后进行费托合成以及重质残渣的加氢裂化。文中指出了催化剂在提高工艺选择性和经济效率方面的重要作用：纳米结构、双功能和抗污染的催化剂体系应用越来越广泛。考虑了影响该行业竞争力的经济因素，包括传统石油价格的波动、政府支持措施以及废弃物物流基础设施的发展。强调合成油地位的增强与对塑料、轮胎和生物质回收利用的环境要求提高有关；同时，符合高环境标准和排放控制的透明度在项目的社会层面起着关键作用。除了改善环境状况外，合成油的发展有助于创造就业机会、解决传统油田短缺问题以及提高能源安全。得出的结论是，技术的进一步改进以及融入产业集群可使该领域成为未来能源部门的重要组成部分。
