Alotaibi Ashwag, Aldawghan Huda, Aljughaiman Ahmed
Department of Computer Networks and Communications, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 7;25(6):1649. doi: 10.3390/s25061649.
Smart cities have witnessed a transformation in urban living through the Internet of Things (IoT), which has improved connectedness, efficiency, and sustainability. However, the adoption of IoT devices presents significant security vulnerabilities, particularly in authentication. The specific limitations of IoT contexts, such as constrained computational resources, are frequently not adequately addressed by traditional authentication techniques. The existing methods of authentication used for IoT devices in smart cities are critically examined in this review study. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each mechanism, emphasizing real-world applicability. Additionally, we examine cutting-edge developments that offer improved security and scalability, such as blockchain technology, biometric authentication, and machine learning-based solutions. This study aims to identify gaps and propose future research directions to develop robust authentication frameworks that protect user privacy and data integrity.
智慧城市通过物联网（IoT）见证了城市生活的变革，物联网提升了连接性、效率和可持续性。然而，物联网设备的采用带来了重大的安全漏洞，尤其是在身份验证方面。物联网环境的特定限制，如计算资源受限，传统身份验证技术往往无法充分应对。本综述研究对智慧城市中用于物联网设备的现有身份验证方法进行了批判性审视。我们评估了每种机制的优缺点，强调其在现实世界中的适用性。此外，我们还研究了能提供更高安全性和可扩展性的前沿发展，如区块链技术、生物识别身份验证和基于机器学习的解决方案。本研究旨在找出差距并提出未来的研究方向，以开发能保护用户隐私和数据完整性的强大身份验证框架。
