Liu Jianhua, Yang Zhijie, Zlatanova Sisi, Li Songnian, Yu Bing
Mobile Geospatial Big Data Cloud Service Innovation Team, School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China.
School of Built Environment, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 14;25(6):1806. doi: 10.3390/s25061806.
Positioning information greatly enhances the convenience of people's lives and the efficiency of societal operations. However, due to the impact of complex indoor environments, GNSS signals suffer from multipath effects, blockages, and attenuation, making it difficult to provide reliable positioning services indoors. Smartphone indoor positioning and navigation is a crucial technology for enabling indoor location services. Nevertheless, relying solely on a single positioning technique can hardly achieve accurate indoor localization. We reviewed several main methods for indoor positioning using smartphone sensors, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cameras, microphones, inertial sensors, and others. Among these, wireless medium-based positioning methods are prone to interference from signals and obstacles in the indoor environment, while inertial sensors are limited by error accumulation. The fusion of multi-source sensors in complex indoor scenarios benefits from the complementary advantages of various sensors and has become a research hotspot in the field of pervasive indoor localization applications for smartphones. In this paper, we extensively review the current mainstream sensors and indoor positioning methods for smartphone multi-source sensor fusion. We summarize the recent research progress in this domain along with the characteristics of the relevant techniques and applicable scenarios. Finally, we collate and organize the key issues and technological outlooks of this field.
定位信息极大地提高了人们生活的便利性和社会运行的效率。然而，由于复杂室内环境的影响，全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号会受到多径效应、信号遮挡和衰减的影响，使得在室内难以提供可靠的定位服务。智能手机室内定位与导航是实现室内定位服务的一项关键技术。然而，仅依靠单一的定位技术很难实现精确的室内定位。我们综述了几种利用智能手机传感器进行室内定位的主要方法，包括Wi-Fi、蓝牙、摄像头、麦克风、惯性传感器等。其中，基于无线介质的定位方法容易受到室内环境中信号和障碍物的干扰，而惯性传感器则受误差累积的限制。在复杂室内场景中，多源传感器融合利用了各种传感器的互补优势，已成为智能手机普及型室内定位应用领域的一个研究热点。在本文中，我们广泛综述了用于智能手机多源传感器融合的当前主流传感器和室内定位方法。我们总结了该领域的最新研究进展以及相关技术的特点和适用场景。最后，我们整理并归纳了该领域的关键问题和技术展望。
