Allouch Ali, Bousgheiri Fadila, Sammoud Karima, Navarro-Martínez Rut, Ibáñez Del Valle Vanessa, Najdi Adil, Cauli Omar, Senhaji Meftaha, El Mlili Nisrin
UAE/U08FS Biology, Ecology, and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tetouan, Morocco.
Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques of Tetouan (ISPITS-T), Tetouan, Morocco.
Chronobiol Int. 2025 May;42(5):595-609. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2025.2494633. Epub 2025 Apr 28.
Poor sleep quality can cause various health problems. Despite this evidence, much research demonstrates significant heterogeneity in the amounts that people sleep across cultures. This suggests that despite serving fundamental biological functions, sleep is also subject to cultural influence. Variations in chronotype and problematic smartphone use influence sleep quality, and both poor sleep and smartphone addiction can result in poor health and academic performance. This study aimed to measure the associations between chronotype, sleep quality, and smartphone addiction in a population of 1210 health sciences university students in Morocco and Spain. The Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Smartphone Addiction Scale were used to assess the study variables. The study found that the majority of students belonged to the "Neutral" chronotype (73.9%), that the prevalence of smartphone addiction was fairly high (46.3%), and that the prevalence of poor sleep quality was high (74.0%). Associations were found between chronotype and smartphone addiction ( < 0.001), subjective sleep quality ( = 0.006), sleep duration ( = 0.005), sleep disturbances ( = 0.013), and use of sleep medications ( = 0.003). Chronotype was also associated with gender ( = 0.009), country of study ( < 0.001), field of study ( < 0.001), and chronic health problems ( = 0.001). Associations between chronotype and field of study ( < 0.001 for the evening chronotype), sleep disturbance ( < 0.001 and = 0.026 for both the evening and morning chronotypes), and smartphone addiction ( < 0.001 for the morning chronotype) were confirmed in the multivariate analysis. Our study highlights associations with chronotype that affect sleep quality and addictive behavior when young health sciences students use smartphones. This implies the need to teach or develop strategies to prevent or minimize the negative consequences of the chronotype on mental health and its effects on production. Educational activities on sleep hygiene strategies, the healthy use of smartphones taking into account the chronotype in health sciences students, are needed in order to benefit mental health offuture healthcare professionals.
睡眠质量差会引发各种健康问题。尽管有这一证据，但大量研究表明，不同文化背景下人们的睡眠时间存在显著差异。这表明，睡眠尽管具有基本的生物学功能，但也会受到文化的影响。昼夜节律类型的差异以及智能手机的不当使用会影响睡眠质量，而睡眠不足和智能手机成瘾都会导致健康状况不佳和学业成绩下滑。本研究旨在测量摩洛哥和西班牙1210名健康科学专业大学生群体中昼夜节律类型、睡眠质量和智能手机成瘾之间的关联。使用霍恩和奥斯特伯格晨型-夜型问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数以及智能手机成瘾量表来评估研究变量。研究发现，大多数学生属于“中性”昼夜节律类型（73.9%），智能手机成瘾的患病率相当高（46.3%），睡眠质量差的患病率也很高（74.0%）。研究发现昼夜节律类型与智能手机成瘾（<0.001）、主观睡眠质量（=0.006）、睡眠时间（=0.005）、睡眠障碍（=0.013）以及助眠药物的使用（=0.003）之间存在关联。昼夜节律类型还与性别（=0.009）、就读国家（<0.001）、研究领域（<0.001）以及慢性健康问题（=0.001）有关。在多变量分析中，昼夜节律类型与研究领域（夜型昼夜节律类型<0.001）、睡眠障碍（夜型和晨型昼夜节律类型均<0.001且=0.026）以及智能手机成瘾（晨型昼夜节律类型<0.001）之间的关联得到了证实。我们的研究强调了在年轻的健康科学专业学生使用智能手机时，昼夜节律类型与影响睡眠质量和成瘾行为之间的关联。这意味着需要教授或制定策略来预防或尽量减少昼夜节律类型对心理健康的负面影响及其对学习成果的影响。为了使未来的医疗保健专业人员受益于心理健康，需要开展关于睡眠卫生策略的教育活动，以及考虑到健康科学专业学生昼夜节律类型的智能手机健康使用教育活动。
