Huang Jinghong, Peng Dongrui, Zhang Yutong, Zhang Yanan, Wang Xiaohui
School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Apr 28;20(4):e0318208. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318208. eCollection 2025.
The prevalence of dementia has become an increasingly important public health priority. This study investigated the association between midday napping and long-term trajectories of cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
Among 4648 participants aged 45+ years extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The components of the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status battery (TICS-10) was used to assess cognitive function. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was used to identify long-term trajectories of cognitive function. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Three distinct long-term trajectories of cognitive function reflected patterns of rapid decline, slow decline, and stable. The RR (95% CI) for rapid decline was 1.45 (1.05-2.01) for 0 minutes, 1.49 (1.05-2.12) for 31-90 minutes, and 2.19 (1.41-3.42) for >90 minutes compared with midday napping 1-30 minutes. The RR (95% CI) for slow decline was 1.22 (1.02-1.47) for 0 minutes, 1.27 (1.04-1.55) for 31-90 minutes, and 1.80 (1.38-2.35) for >90 minutes compared with midday napping 1-30 minutes. In addition, the increased risk of cognitive decline that transferred from >90 to 31-90 minutes, switched from 31-90 to >90 minutes, and persisted in >90 minutes compared with midday napping 1-30 minutes, especially rapid decline.
There was a longitudinal association between no and long (>30 minutes) midday napping and long-term trajectories of cognitive decline, especially rapid decline. The study is a 4-year observational in nature and provides limited evidence for establishing causal relationships.
痴呆症的患病率已成为日益重要的公共卫生优先事项。本研究调查了中国中老年成年人午睡与认知功能长期轨迹之间的关联。
从中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）中抽取4648名年龄在45岁及以上的参与者。使用认知状态电话访谈量表（TICS-10）的组成部分来评估认知功能。基于群体的轨迹模型（GBTM）用于识别认知功能的长期轨迹。多项逻辑回归模型用于估计风险比（RRs）和95%置信区间（CIs）。
认知功能的三种不同长期轨迹反映了快速下降、缓慢下降和稳定的模式。与午睡1 - 30分钟相比，午睡0分钟时快速下降的RR（95%CI）为1.45（1.05 - 2.01），31 - 90分钟时为1.49（1.05 - 2.12），超过90分钟时为2.19（1.41 - 3.42）。与午睡1 - 30分钟相比，午睡0分钟时缓慢下降的RR（95%CI）为1.22（1.02 - 1.47），31 - 90分钟时为1.27（1.04 - 1.55），超过90分钟时为1.80（1.38 - 2.35）。此外，与午睡1 - 30分钟相比，从超过90分钟转变为31 - 90分钟、从31 - 90分钟转变为超过90分钟以及持续超过90分钟的认知下降风险增加，尤其是快速下降。
不午睡和长时间（>30分钟）午睡与认知下降的长期轨迹之间存在纵向关联，尤其是快速下降。本研究本质上是一项为期4年的观察性研究，为建立因果关系提供的证据有限。
