Bizzarro Martin, Johansen Anders, Dorn Caroline
Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
Nat Rev Chem. 2025 Apr 28. doi: 10.1038/s41570-025-00711-9.
Planets form and obtain their compositions from the leftover material present in protoplanetary disks of dust and gas surrounding young stars. The chemical make-up of a disk influences every aspect of planetary composition, including their overall chemical properties, volatile content, atmospheric composition and potential for habitability. This Review discusses our knowledge of the chemical and isotopic composition of Solar System materials and how this information can be used to place constraints on the formation pathways of terrestrial planets. We conclude that planetesimal formation by the streaming instability followed by rapid accretion of drifting pebbles within the protoplanetary disk lifetime reproduces most of the chemical and isotopic observables in the Solar System. This finding has important implications for planetary habitability beyond the Solar System because in pebble accretion, volatiles important for life are accreted during the main growth phase of rocky planets as opposed to the late stage. Finally, we explore how bulk chemical inventories and masses of planetary bodies control the composition of their primordial atmospheres and their potential to develop habitable conditions.
行星由围绕年轻恒星的尘埃和气体原行星盘中的剩余物质形成并获得其组成。盘的化学组成影响行星组成的各个方面，包括它们的整体化学性质、挥发性成分、大气组成和宜居潜力。本综述讨论了我们对太阳系物质化学和同位素组成的了解，以及如何利用这些信息来限制类地行星的形成途径。我们得出结论，在原行星盘寿命期间，通过流不稳定形成星子，随后快速吸积漂移的卵石，这再现了太阳系中大部分化学和同位素观测结果。这一发现对太阳系以外的行星宜居性具有重要意义，因为在卵石吸积过程中，对生命重要的挥发性物质是在岩石行星的主要生长阶段而非后期吸积的。最后，我们探讨了行星体的整体化学存量和质量如何控制其原始大气的组成及其发展宜居条件的潜力。
