Khawaja Kausar Ali, Xiang Wenjun, Wall Jacob, Gu Xiaoyu, Li Lin, Yan Feng
Materials Science and Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
RSC Adv. 2025 Apr 28;15(17):13681-13690. doi: 10.1039/d5ra01694k. eCollection 2025 Apr 22.
Perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology has achieved remarkable progress, with champion power conversion efficiencies (PCE) exceeding 26%. However, the long-term stability of PSCs remains a significant barrier to their widespread commercialization. Carbon-based PSCs (C-PSCs) have gained attention as a promising cost-effective and scalable production solution, replacing expensive metal electrodes and offering improved stability. Despite these advantages, C-PSCs face challenges in matching the performance of noble metal-based PSCs, particularly in terms of carrier extraction efficiency and reduced carrier recombination at the carbon/perovskite interface. The selection of hole transport materials (HTMs) is crucial for optimizing this interface, but comprehensive studies on HTM selection for C-PSCs are limited. This study systematically investigated three commonly used hole transport layers (HTLs): Spiro-OMeTAD, CuSCN, and PTAA. Our results show that Spiro-OMeTAD-based C-PSCs exhibit the best overall performance, achieving a PCE of 19.29%. CuSCN-based devices, while lower in efficiency (11.94% PCE), demonstrated superior stability, retaining approximately 60% of their initial performance after 500 hours under ambient conditions. PTAA-based devices achieved a PCE of 12.92% but exhibited significant degradation, maintaining only ∼35% of their original efficiency over the same duration. These findings highlight the importance of selecting HTLs that balance performance and stability and emphasize the need for further optimization to enhance the commercial viability of C-PSCs.
钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）技术已取得显著进展，其最佳功率转换效率（PCE）超过了26%。然而，PSC的长期稳定性仍然是其广泛商业化的重大障碍。碳基PSC（C-PSC）作为一种有前景的具有成本效益且可扩展生产的解决方案受到关注，它取代了昂贵的金属电极并提供了更高的稳定性。尽管具有这些优势，但C-PSC在匹配基于贵金属的PSC的性能方面面临挑战，特别是在载流子提取效率以及碳/钙钛矿界面处载流子复合减少方面。空穴传输材料（HTM）的选择对于优化该界面至关重要，但针对C-PSC的HTM选择的全面研究有限。本研究系统地研究了三种常用的空穴传输层（HTL）：Spiro-OMeTAD、CuSCN和PTAA。我们的结果表明，基于Spiro-OMeTAD的C-PSC表现出最佳的整体性能，PCE达到19.29%。基于CuSCN的器件虽然效率较低（PCE为11.94%），但表现出卓越的稳定性，在环境条件下500小时后仍保留其初始性能的约60%。基于PTAA的器件PCE为12.92%，但表现出显著降解，在相同时间段内仅维持其原始效率的约35%。这些发现突出了选择平衡性能和稳定性的HTL的重要性，并强调了进一步优化以提高C-PSC商业可行性的必要性。
