Peccoralo Lauren A, de Guillebon Eleonore, Clifton Elizabeth, He Celestine, Kaplan Sabrina, Deshpande Richa, Kaplan Carly, Pietrzak Robert H, Charney Dennis, Ripp Jonathan A
Office of Well-being and Resilience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1231-1243. doi: 10.1177/10519815241290607. Epub 2024 Nov 14.
BackgroundBurnout in physician and scientist faculty threatens professional satisfaction, mental health, and work quality while impacting women more than men. Women experience gender mistreatment more often than men, which may impact burnout.ObjectiveTo determine the differences in burnout, discrimination and harassment by gender, and whether these variables were associated with burnout in physician and scientist faculty.MethodsAn anonymous cross-sectional survey from November 2018 through February 2019 was conducted in physician and scientist faculty at a large urban hospital. Survey instruments included MaslachBurnout Inventory-2, gender-based discrimination and harassment questions, and demographic and professional characteristics.ResultsOf 4156 faculty, 1497 (36%) provided gender identification and were included in analyses. Women experienced burnout at higher rates than men (30.9% vs. 23.3%, = 0.002). Women also experienced gender discrimination and gender harassment at 11 (25.0% vs 2.3%, < 0.001) and 5.7 (13.0% vs 2.3%, < 0.001) times the rate of men, respectively. In a multivariable analysis, gender-based discrimination and harassment was associated with burnout among women (OR 1.65, = 0.035) and overall (OR 1.65, = 0.017), but not among men. In men, those aged 40-60 experienced increased burnout compared to those aged >60 (OR 2.67, = 0.017). For all participants, burnout was associated with depression symptoms, poor work life integration, and lower leadership scores.ConclusionBurnout is prevalent in both men and women physicians and scientists, but correlates vary by gender. Findings suggest that interventions to reduce burnout should account for gender differences, target leadership behaviors and address gender bias and mistreatment.
背景
医生和科研人员的职业倦怠会威胁职业满意度、心理健康和工作质量，且对女性的影响大于男性。女性比男性更常经历性别歧视，这可能会影响职业倦怠。
目的
确定医生和科研人员在职业倦怠、性别歧视与骚扰方面的性别差异，以及这些变量是否与职业倦怠相关。
方法
2018年11月至2019年2月，在一家大型城市医院对医生和科研人员进行了一项匿名横断面调查。调查工具包括马氏职业倦怠量表-2、基于性别的歧视和骚扰问题，以及人口统计学和专业特征。
结果
在4156名教职员工中，1497名（36%）提供了性别信息并纳入分析。女性职业倦怠发生率高于男性（30.9%对23.3%，P = 0.002）。女性遭受性别歧视和性别骚扰的发生率分别是男性的11倍（25.0%对2.3%，P < 0.001）和5.7倍（13.0%对2.3%，P < 0.001）。在多变量分析中，基于性别的歧视和骚扰与女性职业倦怠相关（OR = 1.65，P = 0.035），总体上也相关（OR = 1.65，P = 0.017），但与男性无关。在男性中，40 - 60岁的人比60岁以上的人职业倦怠增加（OR = 2.67，P = 0.017）。对于所有参与者，职业倦怠与抑郁症状、工作生活融合不佳和较低的领导能力得分相关。
结论
职业倦怠在男性和女性医生及科研人员中都很普遍，但相关因素因性别而异。研究结果表明，减少职业倦怠的干预措施应考虑性别差异，针对领导行为，并解决性别偏见和歧视问题。
