Olaya-Mira Natali, Gómez-Hernández Luz Marina, Viloria-Barragán Carolina, Soto-Cardona Isabel Cristina
Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia.
Laboratorio de Biomecánica y Rehabilitación, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín, Colombia.
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2025 Apr 29;22(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s12984-024-01530-7.
Lower limb amputation is a disabling condition with serious psychological, physical, and functional consequences. The adaptation of a prosthetic device can either mitigate or exacerbate these effects. Although many individuals receive lower limb prostheses, rejection rates remain high. Furthermore, while numerous objective and quantitative methods are available to assess the interface between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket, as well as the device performance, prosthetic fitting largely relies on prosthetists' observation and expertise. Accordingly, this review describes the most commonly employed methods for evaluating prosthetic fitting, emphasizing frequently used combinations of tools, devices, procedures, and tests for characterizing residual limbs and clinical outcomes, which indirectly contribute to prosthetic fitting evaluation.
In July 2023, searches were conducted across the Taylor & Francis, SpringerLink, Sage, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases, focusing on research papers, case reports, and technical briefs published between 2011 and 2023. Studies were selected by four reviewers, and any discrepancies were resolved through group discussions. The Rayyan tool was employed to ensure that the retrieved publications evaluated residual limb variables involved in prosthetic fitting. The predominant methods for assessing lower-limb prosthetic fitting include mobility evaluation, gait analysis, measurement of physical variables, and stability assessment. Functional tests and self-report questionnaires, which do not require specialized equipment or great expertise, are the most widely utilized techniques.
The results demonstrate that, within clinical practice, mobility evaluation is the primary predictor of prosthetic fitting. Since methodologies for measuring more specific variables are often restricted to laboratory settings, future studies should analyze factors that could enable their implementation in clinical contexts.
下肢截肢是一种致残性疾病，会带来严重的心理、身体和功能后果。假肢装置的适配情况可能减轻或加重这些影响。尽管许多人接受了下肢假肢，但排斥率仍然很高。此外，虽然有许多客观和定量的方法可用于评估残肢与假肢接受腔之间的界面以及装置性能，但假肢适配在很大程度上仍依赖于假肢矫形师的观察和专业知识。因此，本综述描述了评估假肢适配最常用的方法，重点介绍了用于表征残肢和临床结果的工具、装置、程序和测试的常用组合，这些间接有助于假肢适配评估。
2023年7月，在泰勒与弗朗西斯、施普林格Link、Sage、科学Direct和Scopus数据库中进行了检索，重点关注2011年至2023年发表的研究论文、病例报告和技术简报。由四位评审员挑选研究，任何分歧都通过小组讨论解决。使用Rayyan工具确保检索到的出版物评估了假肢适配中涉及的残肢变量。评估下肢假肢适配的主要方法包括活动能力评估、步态分析、身体变量测量和稳定性评估。功能测试和自我报告问卷不需要专门设备或很高的专业知识，是使用最广泛的技术。
结果表明，在临床实践中，活动能力评估是假肢适配的主要预测指标。由于测量更具体变量的方法通常仅限于实验室环境，未来的研究应分析能够使其在临床环境中得以应用的因素。
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