Grasso Eleonora Agata, Chiarelli Francesco
Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.
Pediatr Diabetes. 2024 Feb 26;2024:5082064. doi: 10.1155/2024/5082064. eCollection 2024.
The incidence of autoimmune disorders (AIDs) has been dramatically increasing in both children and adults over the past few years, and type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the diseases that has seen the highest growth. It is well-known that the dysimmune process may spread to other systems, leading to the onset of one or more AIDs in the same individual; however, the relationship between AIDs is not often recognized. The most frequently diagnosed AIDs in children and adolescents with T1D are thyroid diseases and celiac disease, but it is also important to consider the onset of the other conditions, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, atrophic gastritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and skin disorders such as vitiligo and psoriasis. This review aims to explore the overlap of T1D and other AIDs, focusing on the less common and lesser-known diseases. A better knowledge of these comorbidities may facilitate the identification of patients at risk to treat them in the preclinical period, before the onset of complications.
在过去几年中，自身免疫性疾病（AIDs）在儿童和成人中的发病率都在急剧上升，1型糖尿病（T1D）是发病率增长最高的疾病之一。众所周知，免疫失调过程可能会扩散到其他系统，导致同一个体出现一种或多种自身免疫性疾病；然而，自身免疫性疾病之间的关系并不常被认识到。在患有T1D的儿童和青少年中，最常被诊断出的自身免疫性疾病是甲状腺疾病和乳糜泻，但考虑其他疾病的发病情况也很重要，如幼年特发性关节炎、多发性硬化症、萎缩性胃炎、炎症性肠病以及白癜风和银屑病等皮肤疾病。本综述旨在探讨T1D与其他自身免疫性疾病的重叠情况，重点关注不太常见和鲜为人知的疾病。更好地了解这些合并症可能有助于在并发症发生前识别出有风险的患者，以便在临床前期对他们进行治疗。
