Examining the evolving landscape of kidney cancer mortality in the United States.

BACKGROUND

Kidney cancer (KC) remains a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality in the United States, with an alarming increase in disease burden. To address this critical health issue, this study aims to investigate trends in KC mortality.

METHODS

We retrieved mortality data from the Center for Disease Control WONDER database using the International Classification of Diseases 10 code C64. Age Standardized Mortality Rates (ASMRs) per 100 000 population were divided by age/gender/race/ethnicity-American Indian or Alaskan Native (AIAN)/Asian/African American (AA)/White/Hispanic/non-Hispanic-from 1999 to 2020. Joinpoint regression is conducted to calculate Average Annual Percentage Changes (AAPCs) and compare trends.

RESULTS

A total of 284 224 deaths were reported. In 2020, the greatest ASMR was in Whites (3.9/100.000), followed by AIANs (3.5), AA (3.3), and Asians (1.6). ASMRs were 3.2 for Hispanics and 3.5 for non-Hispanics, with decreases of 11.4% and 12.5%; 5.0 for males and 2.1 for females, with decreases of 13.8% and 22.2%, respectively. AIAN males experienced the greatest ASMR decrease (44.3%), White males the smallest (1.7%). AIAN (AAPC = -1.9%), and AA (AAPC = -1.3%) showed a single negative trend line, while ASMRs in Asian (AAPC = -0.6%) and White population (AAPC = -0.6%) initially increased then declined. Younger populations experienced greater decreases, whereas populations over 85 had increasing ASMRs.

CONCLUSIONS

Over 20 years, the greatest ASMR shifted from AIAN to White individuals, with a nationally decreasing trend. The elderly and male populations continue to experience greater ASMRs. Overall, our findings provide key insights for identifying at-risk populations, guiding the development of targeted strategies to reduce disparities.