Perez Palomeque Gabriel, Khacha-Ananda Supakit, Monum Tawachai, Wunnapuk Klintean
PhD Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Biomolecules. 2025 Apr 9;15(4):548. doi: 10.3390/biom15040548.
Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) has emerged as an essential tool in criminal investigations, enabling the prediction of physical traits based on genetic information. This review explores the genetic factors influencing skin pigmentation, particularly within Asian populations, with a focus on Thailand. Key genes such as , , , and are examined for their roles in melanin production and variations that lead to different skin tones. The gene is highlighted for its role in transporting ions that help stabilize melanosomes, while specific variants in the gene, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2031526 and rs3782974, are discussed for their potential effects on pigmentation in Asian groups. The gene, crucial for developing melanocytes, includes the SNP rs642742, which is linked to lighter skin in East Asians. Additionally, recent findings on the gene are presented, emphasizing its connection to pigmentation through calcium regulation in melanin production. Finally, the review addresses the ethical considerations of using FDP in Thailand, where advances in genetic profiling raise concerns about privacy, consent, and discrimination. Establishing clear guidelines is vital to balancing the benefits of forensic DNA applications with the protection of individual rights.
法医DNA表型分析（FDP）已成为刑事调查中的一项重要工具，能够根据遗传信息预测身体特征。本综述探讨了影响皮肤色素沉着的遗传因素，特别是在亚洲人群中，重点关注泰国。研究了诸如 、 、 和 等关键基因在黑色素生成中的作用以及导致不同肤色的变异。 基因因其在运输有助于稳定黑素小体的离子方面的作用而受到关注，同时讨论了 基因中的特定变异，包括单核苷酸多态性（SNP）rs2031526和rs3782974对亚洲人群色素沉着的潜在影响。对黑素细胞发育至关重要的 基因包括SNP rs642742，它与东亚人的肤色变浅有关。此外，还介绍了关于 基因的最新发现，强调其通过黑色素生成中的钙调节与色素沉着的联系。最后，该综述讨论了在泰国使用FDP的伦理考量，在泰国，基因图谱分析的进展引发了对隐私、同意和歧视的担忧。制定明确的指导方针对于平衡法医DNA应用的益处与保护个人权利至关重要。
