Grogaard J, Van den Abbeele A, Sundell H
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1985 Aug;59(2):420-5. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1985.59.2.420.
This study examined the effect of alcohol on two apnea reflexes considered to be protective mechanisms through which animals and humans preserve vital functions while they are submerged in water. The laryngeal chemoreflex and the trigeminal diving reflex were studied in unanesthetized 1- to 3-wk-old lambs. Reflex stimulation resulted in reduced ventilation or apnea, bradycardia, hypertension, and blood flow redistribution in the dive pattern. After alcohol, reflex stimulation resulted in increased apnea response, preserved blood flow redistribution, but less hypertension. The onset of regular breathing following laryngeal water stimulation was significantly delayed, after alcohol, and mechanical ventilation was used in three lambs to terminate the prolonged poststimulus apnea. Airway occlusion pressure, an index of neuromuscular inspiratory drive, decreased significantly after alcohol. The study demonstrates a potent effect of alcohol on apnea reflex responses. The effect of alcohol on respiratory drive and on the apnea reflex response should be considered when humans ingest alcohol, in particular by those participating in water sports.
本研究考察了酒精对两种被认为是保护机制的呼吸暂停反射的影响，通过这些机制，动物和人类在水中时能维持重要功能。在未麻醉的1至3周龄羔羊中研究了喉化学反射和三叉神经潜水反射。反射刺激导致通气减少或呼吸暂停、心动过缓、高血压以及血流再分布呈现潜水模式。给予酒精后，反射刺激导致呼吸暂停反应增强、血流再分布得以维持，但高血压减轻。酒精摄入后，喉水刺激后规律呼吸的起始显著延迟，三只羔羊使用机械通气来终止刺激后延长的呼吸暂停。气道闭塞压是神经肌肉吸气驱动力的指标，酒精摄入后显著降低。该研究证明了酒精对呼吸暂停反射反应有显著影响。当人类摄入酒精时，尤其是参与水上运动的人，应考虑酒精对呼吸驱动力和呼吸暂停反射反应的影响。
