Liu Zu-An, Li Yan, Hou Jiawen, Tian Lei, Wang Shengcheng, Hu Wentao, Zhang Lili
School of Civil Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China.
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, 808-0135, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 30;15(1):15171. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00045-y.
It is very different from that of ordinary buildings due to the unique operational characteristics of university teaching-office buildings, and the energy-saving potential is huge, among them, the building's exterior envelope is an important factor in its energy loss. It is an important basis for building energy conservation to explore the influence of the thermal parameter of the building exterior envelope on energy consumption from the perspective of thermal theory. Meanwhile, most of the buildings are old in university, limited by the actual conditions, studying the energy-saving optimization scheme from the main influencing factors and actual characteristics is a prerequisite for achieving high efficiency and energy saving. Therefore, based on the actual characteristics of university buildings, the influence law of the thermal performance of the exterior envelopes on energy demands is explored in this study through numerical simulation, and an energy-saving optimization scheme is proposed based on the existing materials. The results show that: (1) For university buildings in Chengdu, the energy-saving effect of the interior thermal insulation in exterior wall is the best; (2) the effect of insulation material type on total annual load tends to be the same as the insulation thickness is increased and stabilizes after the energy savings rate reaches 20%; (3) the selection of facing materials with low solar radiation absorption coefficients for exterior wall and roof has a much higher impact on cooling loads than on heating loads; (4) the suitable range of the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior window is 2.5 ~ 3.5, and the solar heat gain coefficient is 0.1 ~ 0.5; (5) using the optimization scheme can be saved by 18% of the heating load, 33% of the cooling load, and 28% of the total load compared to the status quo. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and data reference for energy-saving renovation of educational buildings.
由于高校教学办公建筑独特的运行特性，其与普通建筑有很大不同，且节能潜力巨大，其中建筑围护结构是其能量损失的重要因素。从热工理论角度探究建筑围护结构热工参数对能耗的影响，是建筑节能的重要依据。同时，高校多数建筑年代久远，受实际条件限制，从主要影响因素和实际特性出发研究节能优化方案是实现高效节能的前提。因此，本研究基于高校建筑实际特性，通过数值模拟探究围护结构热性能对能耗的影响规律，并基于现有材料提出节能优化方案。结果表明：（1）对于成都地区高校建筑，外墙内保温节能效果最佳；（2）随着保温材料厚度增加，保温材料类型对全年总负荷的影响趋于一致，节能率达到20%后趋于稳定；（3）外墙和屋面选用太阳辐射吸收系数低的饰面材料对冷负荷的影响远大于对热负荷的影响；（4）外窗传热系数适宜范围为2.5～3.5，太阳得热系数为0.1～0.5；（5）与现状相比，采用优化方案可节省18%的热负荷、33%的冷负荷和28%的总负荷。研究结果可为教育建筑节能改造提供理论依据和数据参考。
