Dai Yuqin, Wang Yanan, Chen Minyi, Lin Qiaoxuan, Situ Jialin, Yu Yizhen, Meng Liping
Public Health Service Center, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Apr 30;25(1):520. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07620-1.
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has risen significantly in recent years, yet the association between parity and GDM remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of parity on GDM while exploring other contributing factors.
We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using data from women who delivered in Baoan District, Shenzhen, from January 2019 to December 2023. GDM was diagnosed through oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine parity-GDM associations.
A total of 198,237 women (including 89,792 primiparae and 108,445 multiparae) were included. Higher parity was found to be inversely associated with the development of GDM (OR [95%CI]: 0.92 [0.87-0.96] for parity = 1, OR [95%CI]: 0.83 [0.77-0.90] for parity ≥ 2). Further, stratified analyses revealed that this association was more significant in women under 30 years of age (P < 0.05).
The present findings revealed that women with higher parity had a lower probability of GDM, particularly among younger women. These results suggest that clinicians implement enhanced glycemic monitoring for nulliparous women of advanced maternal age. When promoting desired family size, emphasizing childbearing during earlier reproductive years may reduce GDM risk profiles.
近年来，妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的患病率显著上升，但产次与GDM之间的关联仍知之甚少。本研究旨在评估产次对GDM的影响，同时探索其他影响因素。
我们利用2019年1月至2023年12月在深圳宝安区分娩的妇女数据进行了一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究。通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）诊断GDM。应用多变量逻辑回归模型来检验产次与GDM的关联。
共纳入198,237名妇女（包括89,792名初产妇和108,445名经产妇）。发现产次越高与GDM的发生呈负相关（产次 = 1时，比值比[95%置信区间]：0.92[0.87 - 0.96]；产次≥2时，比值比[95%置信区间]：0.83[0.77 - 0.90]）。此外，分层分析显示，这种关联在30岁以下的女性中更为显著（P < 0.05）。
目前的研究结果表明，产次较高的女性患GDM的概率较低，尤其是在年轻女性中。这些结果表明，临床医生应对高龄初产妇加强血糖监测。在提倡理想的家庭规模时，强调在较早的生育年龄生育可能会降低GDM的风险。
