Wang Yazhu, Zhang Yingying, Cao Shiwei, Chen Xiyu, Xian Xiaobing, Niu Tengfei
Department of Cardiology, The Shapingba Hospital, Chongqing University (People's Hospital of Shapingba District), Chongqing, China.
The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 16;13:1537587. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1537587. eCollection 2025.
Falls have become a crucial public health problem among older adults, especially those with hypertension. However, the current understanding of the risk of falls among them is still insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with falls and their gender differences among older adults with hypertension in China.
Based on the cross-sectional data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) 2018 database, this study defined 24 possible associated factors based on the five dimensions of the Health Ecology Model. Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to analyze the impact of each factor on falls among older adults with hypertension.
The prevalence rate of falls in older adults with hypertension in China was 22.60%. Falls are associated with a variety of factors. Specifically, gender, self-rated health, hearing impairment, stroke, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability, basic activities of daily living (BADL) disability, exercise, fresh fruit and taste preference are significant associated factors for falls among older adults with hypertension. Among them, the effects of self-rated health, stroke and exercise on falls are only significant in female with hypertension. The effect of fresh fruit on falls was significant only in men with hypertension.
The findings highlight that the current situation of falls among older adults with hypertension requires attention, necessitating comprehensive measures for prevention and control.
跌倒已成为老年人尤其是高血压患者中一个关键的公共卫生问题。然而，目前对他们跌倒风险的认识仍然不足。本研究的目的是调查中国高血压老年患者中与跌倒相关的因素及其性别差异。
基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CLHLS）数据库的横断面数据，本研究根据健康生态模型的五个维度定义了24个可能的相关因素。采用二元Logistic回归模型分析各因素对高血压老年患者跌倒的影响。
中国高血压老年患者的跌倒患病率为22.60%。跌倒与多种因素相关。具体而言，性别、自评健康状况、听力障碍、中风、日常生活工具性活动（IADL）能力残疾、日常生活基本活动（BADL）能力残疾、运动、新鲜水果和口味偏好是高血压老年患者跌倒的重要相关因素。其中，自评健康状况、中风和运动对跌倒的影响仅在高血压女性中显著。新鲜水果对跌倒的影响仅在高血压男性中显著。
研究结果突出表明，高血压老年患者的跌倒现状需要关注，有必要采取综合防控措施。
