Naffaa Moawiah M, Al-Ewaidat Ola A, Gogia Sopiko, Begiashvili Valiko
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Explor Target Antitumor Ther. 2025 Apr 27;6:1002313. doi: 10.37349/etat.2025.1002313. eCollection 2025.
Neoantigen-based immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach in cancer treatment, offering precision medicine strategies that target tumor-specific antigens derived from genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic alterations unique to cancer cells. These neoantigens serve as highly specific targets for personalized therapies, promising more effective and tailored treatments. The aim of this article is to explore the advances in neoantigen-based therapies, highlighting successful treatments such as vaccines, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, T-cell receptor-engineered T cells therapy (TCR-T), and chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy (CAR-T), particularly in cancer types like glioblastoma (GBM). Advances in technologies such as next-generation sequencing, RNA-based platforms, and CRISPR gene editing have accelerated the identification and validation of neoantigens, moving them closer to clinical application. Despite promising results, challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, and resistance mechanisms persist. The integration of AI-driven tools and multi-omic data has refined neoantigen discovery, while combination therapies are being developed to address issues like immune suppression and scalability. Additionally, the article discusses the ongoing development of personalized immunotherapies targeting tumor mutations, emphasizing the need for continued collaboration between computational and experimental approaches. Ultimately, the integration of cutting-edge technologies in neoantigen research holds the potential to revolutionize cancer care, offering hope for more effective and targeted treatments.
基于新抗原的免疫疗法已成为癌症治疗中的一种变革性方法，提供了精准医学策略，可靶向源自癌细胞特有的基因、转录组和蛋白质组改变的肿瘤特异性抗原。这些新抗原可作为个性化疗法的高度特异性靶点，有望实现更有效、更具针对性的治疗。本文旨在探讨基于新抗原的疗法的进展，重点介绍疫苗、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）疗法、T细胞受体工程化T细胞疗法（TCR-T）和嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法（CAR-T）等成功的治疗方法，尤其是在胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）等癌症类型中的应用。下一代测序、基于RNA的平台和CRISPR基因编辑等技术的进步加速了新抗原的鉴定和验证，使其更接近临床应用。尽管取得了令人鼓舞的结果，但肿瘤异质性、免疫逃逸和耐药机制等挑战依然存在。人工智能驱动工具和多组学数据的整合优化了新抗原的发现，同时正在开发联合疗法以解决免疫抑制和可扩展性等问题。此外，本文还讨论了针对肿瘤突变的个性化免疫疗法的持续发展，强调了计算方法和实验方法之间持续合作的必要性。最终，新抗原研究中前沿技术的整合有可能彻底改变癌症治疗，为更有效、更有针对性的治疗带来希望。
