Demographic and Clinical Profile of Haemodialysis Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease in a Northern Nigerian Hospital: A Retrospective Analysis of Patterns and Outcomes.

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence and substantial impacts on healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Limited access to resources for managing CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in these regions exacerbates mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for effective and accessible healthcare strategies. This study examines CKD prevalence, management practices, and outcomes across various populations, with a focus on the challenges faced in sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODOLOGY

This study utilized a retrospective, observational design to examine patient records from the haemodialysis unit at Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial General Hospital, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The research focused on the sociodemographic, clinical, and dialysis-related characteristics of patients who underwent haemodialysis between January 2019 and October 2024.

RESULTS

CKD prevalence has significantly increased worldwide, with ESRD incidence notably in our centre. Access to dialysis varied greatly, with low-resource settings struggling to meet demand, contributing to poorer outcomes. In Africa, studies show that less than 10% of patients who needed dialysis accessed it. Additionally, CKD patients in lower-income regions often present with advanced diseases due to inadequate screening and preventive care. High mortality rates were linked to limited access to early treatment and a lack of government support for subsidizing renal care.

CONCLUSION

There was a pressing need to improve CKD prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment in resource-limited settings to reduce the burden of ESRD. Increased government investment, enhanced screening programs, and sustainable funding models for dialysis were essential to mitigate the impact of CKD.