Raciti Loredana, Ferrillo Martina, Ammendolia Antonio, Raciti Gianfranco, Curci Claudio, Calafiore Dario, Onesta Maria Pia, Calabrò Rocco Salvatore, Longo Umile Giuseppe, de Sire Alessandro
Unità Spinale Unipolare, Azienda Ospedaliera per le Emergenze Cannizzaro, 98102 Catania, Italy.
Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Apr 18;15(8):1035. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15081035.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a cluster of musculoskeletal conditions that involve the overall structures of jaw movements, including the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles, and the surrounding structures. The etiology of TMD-related pain may be either central or peripheral, and differential diagnoses with other orofacial conditions are commonly required. Central pain etiology is associated with altered brain function linked to sensitization of pain-producing centers, whereas peripheral etiology of TMD is considered multifactorial, with some predisposing factors. Differentiating between neurological conditions and TMD requires a comprehensive clinical evaluation, as overlapping symptoms can complicate the diagnostic process. The aim of this review was to summarize the current literature about the role of neurophysiological examination in the management of orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders to provide clear data that could be useful for clinical practice and for future clinical studies in this field.
颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）是一组肌肉骨骼疾病，涉及下颌运动的整体结构，包括颞下颌关节、咀嚼肌及周围结构。TMD相关疼痛的病因可能是中枢性的或周围性的，通常需要与其他口腔颌面部疾病进行鉴别诊断。中枢性疼痛病因与因疼痛产生中枢致敏而导致的脑功能改变有关，而TMD的周围性病因被认为是多因素的，存在一些易感因素。区分神经疾病和TMD需要全面的临床评估，因为重叠的症状会使诊断过程复杂化。本综述的目的是总结当前关于神经生理学检查在口腔颌面部疼痛和颞下颌关节紊乱病管理中的作用的文献，以提供清晰的数据，这些数据可能对临床实践以及该领域未来的临床研究有用。
