Breznik Jessica A, Cowbrough Braeden, Bilaver Lucas, Dushoff Miriam, Stacey Hannah D, Ang Jann, Clare Rumi, Kennedy Allison, Costa Andrew P, Nazy Ishac, Loeb Mark, Verschoor Chris P, Bramson Jonathan, Miller Matthew S, Bowdish Dawn M E
Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 May 1;12(5):ofaf178. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaf178. eCollection 2025 May.
Common cold coronaviruses were a frequent cause of respiratory infections in older adults living in congregate care homes before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which may influence immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and infection. We investigated humoral and cellular immune responses to prior common cold coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, how they are affected by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection, and their associations with Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 infections in residents of long-term care and retirement homes.
In SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive residents with 3 monovalent messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, we measured serum anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 and common cold human coronavirus (HCoV) NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E; ancestral and Omicron BA.1 neutralizing antibodies; and CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation responses to membrane, nucleocapsid, and spike proteins. We examined the relationships of common cold coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune responses, whether antibody and T-cell responses changed after SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccination or infection, and their associations with Omicron BA.1 infection.
Anti-RBD IgG HCoV-OC43 titers were positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibody titers. Common cold coronavirus anti-RBD IgA titers, but not anti-RBD IgG titers, increased after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection, and many residents had cross-reactive T cells. Common cold coronavirus humoral immunity was similar in residents without and those with subsequent Omicron BA.1 infection.
Despite frequent exposure, and associations of common cold coronavirus and vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity, preexisting common cold coronavirus immunity was not associated with Omicron BA.1 infection in residents of long-term care and retirement communities.
在2019冠状病毒病大流行之前，普通感冒冠状病毒是居住在集体护理机构中的老年人呼吸道感染的常见原因，这可能会影响对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗接种和感染的免疫反应。我们调查了对先前普通感冒冠状病毒和SARS-CoV-2的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应，它们如何受到SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种和感染的影响，以及它们与长期护理和养老院居民中奥密克戎BA.1 SARS-CoV-2感染的关联。
在未感染SARS-CoV-2且接种了3剂单价信使核糖核酸SARS-CoV-2疫苗的居民中，我们测量了血清中针对SARS-CoV-2以及普通感冒人类冠状病毒（HCoV）NL63、HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E的抗受体结合域（RBD）免疫球蛋白（Ig）G和IgA抗体滴度；针对原始毒株和奥密克戎BA.1的中和抗体；以及对膜蛋白、核衣壳蛋白和刺突蛋白的CD4和CD8 T细胞活化反应。我们研究了普通感冒冠状病毒和SARS-CoV-2体液免疫反应之间的关系，SARS-CoV-2信使核糖核酸疫苗接种或感染后抗体和T细胞反应是否发生变化，以及它们与奥密克戎BA.1感染的关联。
抗RBD IgG HCoV-OC43滴度与SARS-CoV-2抗RBD IgG和中和抗体滴度呈正相关。SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种或感染后，普通感冒冠状病毒抗RBD IgA滴度升高，但抗RBD IgG滴度未升高，且许多居民有交叉反应性T细胞。在未感染奥密克戎BA.1和感染奥密克戎BA.1的居民中，普通感冒冠状病毒体液免疫相似。
尽管长期暴露，且普通感冒冠状病毒与疫苗诱导的SARS-CoV-2体液免疫有关，但长期护理和退休社区居民中，既往普通感冒冠状病毒免疫与奥密克戎BA.1感染无关。
