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Increased serum levels of IL-40 are associated with IgA and NETosis biomarkers in Covid-19 patients: IL-40 and infectious diseases.

作者信息

Bagriacik Umit, Karakus Resul, Yaman Melek, Oruklu Nihan, Araz Milat, Kalayci Zafer, Ozger Hasan Selcuk, Yildiz Yesim, Senol Esin

机构信息

Department of Immunology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2025 May 2;20(5):e0321578. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321578. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0321578
PMID:40315230
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12047749/
Abstract

Interleukin 40 (IL-40) is a novel cytokine that has been associated with B lymphocytes, particularly IgA-secreting cells in gut mucosa. Considering mucosal association of IL-40, we aimed to determine serum IL-40 levels in patients with Covid-19. We compared IL-40 concentrations in healthy people to both patients with mild symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumonia. IL-40 was measured by ELISA. Serum IgA levels were tested by nephelometry. For the first time, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection increased serum IL-40 levels significantly. The elevation of IL-40 in serum was related to severity of the infection. Therefore, IL-40 concentrations were quite higher in patients with symptoms of pneumonia. Our findings indicated that IgA and NETosis biomarkers were related with IL-40 increase. Based on these findings, we speculated that IL-40 would be associated with immune activities in the mucosa of the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. This association may be linked to a mechanism that has a control on IgA and NETosis.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/0ea1eb6c56ba/pone.0321578.g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/d644169e7ee0/pone.0321578.g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/e313fe7fa417/pone.0321578.g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/29f5f4bcbd6f/pone.0321578.g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/dd97d055d446/pone.0321578.g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/403067b96657/pone.0321578.g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/0ea1eb6c56ba/pone.0321578.g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/d644169e7ee0/pone.0321578.g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/e313fe7fa417/pone.0321578.g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/29f5f4bcbd6f/pone.0321578.g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/dd97d055d446/pone.0321578.g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/403067b96657/pone.0321578.g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/711d/12047749/0ea1eb6c56ba/pone.0321578.g006.jpg

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Increased serum levels of IL-40 are associated with IgA and NETosis biomarkers in Covid-19 patients: IL-40 and infectious diseases.

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引用本文的文献

[1]
Comparative Investigation of Cardiac Injury Mediated by IL-40 and Oxidative Stress Markers in Pericardial Fluid and Serum.

Medicina (Kaunas). 2025-8-12

本文引用的文献

[1]
Role of Immunoglobulin A in COVID-19 and Influenza Infections.

Vaccines (Basel). 2023-10-27

[2]
Serum interleukin 40: an innovative diagnostic biomarker for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Med J Malaysia. 2023-9

[3]
New pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-40 is produced by activated neutrophils and plays a role in the early stages of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.

RMD Open. 2023-5

[4]
Possible role for IL-40 and IL-40-producing cells in the lymphocytic infiltrated salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

RMD Open. 2023-5

[5]
Interleukin-40 is a promising biomarker associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.

Immunol Lett. 2023-2

[6]
A novel signature of interleukins 36α, 37, 38, 39 and 40 in ankylosing spondylitis.

Cytokine. 2023-2

[7]
Methods for the Assessment of NET Formation: From Neutrophil Biology to Translational Research.

Int J Mol Sci. 2022-12-13

[8]
Neutrophil autophagy and NETosis in COVID-19: perspectives.

Autophagy. 2023-3

[9]
NETosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19: Immunothrombosis and Beyond.

Front Immunol. 2022

[10]
Serial measurement of cytokines strongly predict COVID-19 outcome.

PLoS One. 2021

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