Kranzler Chana F, Busono Devin A, Walsh Gweneth J, Carrillo Alyssa C, Bidle Kay D, Thamatrakoln Kimberlee
The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Sci Adv. 2025 May 2;11(18):eadq5439. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adq5439.
Phytoplankton viruses facilitate the production of dissolved organic matter (DOM) through host lysis, shaping DOM composition, and subsequent regenerative processing. We explored how DOM generated from a bloom-forming, centric diatom, infected with taxonomically distinct viruses-a single-stranded (ss) DNA and a ssRNA virus-impacted microbial processing of organic matter. DOM derived from uninfected and ssDNA virus-infected cultures supported growth in bacterial isolates and a mixed assemblage. In contrast, DOM from ssRNA virus infection did not stimulate growth, but rather induced ectoproteolytic activity, suggesting this DOM was less bioavailable. Exoprotease activity was also substantially higher in ssRNA virus-infected cellular exudates compared to ssDNA virus-infected and uninfected cultures. This suggests that DOM produced through virus-mediated host lysis does not a priori support secondary production and implicate ssRNA virus infection as a source of proteolytic activity in the water column, highlighting a multifaceted role for viruses in altering microbial utilization and remineralization length scales of organic matter in the ocean.
浮游植物病毒通过宿主裂解促进溶解有机物（DOM）的产生，塑造DOM的组成，并随后进行再生处理。我们探究了由形成水华的中心硅藻产生的DOM，在被分类学上不同的病毒——一种单链（ss）DNA病毒和一种ssRNA病毒感染后，是如何影响有机物的微生物处理的。来自未感染和被ssDNA病毒感染的培养物的DOM支持细菌分离株和混合菌群的生长。相比之下，来自被ssRNA病毒感染的培养物的DOM并未刺激生长，而是诱导了胞外蛋白水解活性，这表明这种DOM的生物可利用性较低。与被ssDNA病毒感染和未感染的培养物相比，被ssRNA病毒感染的细胞渗出物中的胞外蛋白酶活性也显著更高。这表明通过病毒介导的宿主裂解产生的DOM并非必然支持次级生产，并表明ssRNA病毒感染是水柱中蛋白水解活性的一个来源，突出了病毒在改变海洋中有机物的微生物利用和再矿化长度尺度方面的多方面作用。
